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Chise Profile picture
@sailorrooscout
Nov 22, 2021 • 14 tweets • 8 min read • Read on X
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A study out of Northwestern University shows post-booster antibody levels not only exceeded antibody levels documented after natural infection with COVID-19, but after two doses of vaccine, AND levels after both natural infection AND vaccination as well.

Let’s talk about that!🧵
Here, researchers measured anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and surrogate virus neutralization of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor, before and after COVID-19 boosters in healthy adults.
Participants e-consented and completed online surveys regarding COVID-19 viral history and vaccination status. Finger stick dried blood spot (DBS) samples were self-collected prior to booster administration and 6-10 days after receiving mRNA booster vaccine (paired samples).
Results were compared with data from a prior community-based study using the same protocols, which quantified antibody responses after diagnosis of COVID-19 or administration of a second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
So what did they find? Researchers documented large antibody responses after the administration of the booster, with antibody levels that EXCEEDED levels documented after natural infection with COVID- 19, after two doses of vaccine, or after both natural infection AND vaccination
(i.e, Hybrid Immunity). Surrogate neutralization of B.1.617.2 (Delta) was high but obviously reduced in comparison with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Researchers concluded this data supported the use of boosters to help prevent breakthrough infections and suggested that antibody-mediated
immunity may last longer than after the second dose of vaccine. “While waning antibodies may contribute to breakthrough infections, it is important to investigate the effects of boosters on cell-mediated immunity.”
YES, you cannot forget about cell-mediated immunity. Antibodies are just one part of the immune response BUT they can help us prevent the occurrence of breakthrough infections, especially in those that can’t mount a sufficient immune response in time. bbc.com/news/health-59…
Good thing is I have some additional studies I can give you guys that can give some more insight and help with study limitations! To start, the burning question: how long do they last? Initial data out of Israel shows 9-10 months, potentially even longer. timesofisrael.com/pfizer-booster…
Published in The Lancet. Peer-reviewed. Large sample size. Sound methodology. Real-world data. The study provides the largest peer-reviewed evaluation of the effectiveness of a third "booster" dose of a COVID-19 vaccine in Israel. thelancet.com/journals/lance…
Real-world data out of England on booster effectiveness shows OVER 90% vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection when comparing boosted vaccinated individuals to unvaccinated individuals. NOTE: these results were in HIGH-RISK groups.
khub.net/documents/1359…
Do booster doses increase neutralizing antibodies AND T-cell responses against SARS-COV-2? This study out of Chile on a booster dose of inactivated vaccines shows JUST that. medrxiv.org/content/10.110….
So, for the rest of us, what's the point of boosters? Preventing infections. Controlling transmission. If we CAN prevent infections in the most vulnerable populations, that’s a huge win and boosters seem to allow us to do just that. Prevention is key. medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Some sources on boosters:
•On FEWER Myocarditis Cases: reuters.com/world/middle-e…
•LOWEST Rate of Side Effects after 3rd Dose: timesofisrael.com/3rd-dose-has-l…
•apple.news/Al9yV5ZhgQyyQR…
•theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/…
•theatlantic.com/health/archive…
•wsj.com/articles/when-…

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More from @sailorrooscout

Chise Profile picture
Oct 28, 2024
THIS IS HUGE! An HIV PrEP drug candidate in the form of a twice-yearly subcutaneous injection has been shown to reduce HIV infections by 96% in a SECOND late-stage Phase III trial. Lenacapavir was 99.9% effective at preventing HIV in MORE THAN 2,000 participants.🧵⬇️
Source:
• gilead.com/news/news-deta…Image
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Oct 24, 2024
So, not COVID related BUT, this is REALLY exciting news. Phase I/II data shows Moderna’s Norovirus vaccine candidate mRNA-1403, has shown early signs of efficacy AND elicited robust serum HBGA-blocking antibody responses against ALL THREE NoV genotypes. Let’s talk about that!🧵⬇️
At IDWeek 2024, Moderna presented interim results from an ongoing Phase I/II, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial (NCT05992935) for mRNA-1403, a prophylactic vaccine candidate under investigation for norovirus (NoV) infections.
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Oct 21, 2024
THIS IS HUGE! Researchers at JHU have developed an experimental drug called RK-33, that in preclinical studies has shown promise in treating breast cancer with bone metastases. RK-33 eliminated the metastases AND prevented further cancer spread. Let’s talk about that!🧵⬇️
The research has been published in Cancer Letters. Yes, it is PEER-REVIEWED.
• sciencedirect.com/science/articl…Key Takeaways: •RK-33 targets DDX3, an RNA helicase elevated in cancer cells, to inhibit breast cancer bone metastasis. •In mouse models, RK-33 eliminated bone metastases and prevented further cancer spread without significant adverse effects. •The study suggests RK-33 as a promising treatment for breast cancer bone metastasis, urging further research into its broader applications.
In a new study led by Johns Hopkins Medicine, the drug RK-33 has demonstrated promise in treating breast cancer that has spread to the bone (breast cancer bone metastasis). RK-33 was previously shown to help treat other types of cancer and viral illnesses.
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Chise Profile picture
Oct 17, 2024
THIS IS HUGE! Researchers at Lancaster University have developed RI-AG03, a peptide inhibitor, that in preclinical studies PREVENTED the build-up of harmful Tau proteins in the brain, which are believed to be a key driver of Alzheimer’s disease. Let’s talk about that! 🧵⬇️
The research has been published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association. Yes, it is PEER-REVIEWED.
•~ alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…What You Need to Know ⬇️ •Scientists have developed a new drug that targets two key regions of the tau protein, a major contributor to Alzheimer’s disease. •The drug, a peptide inhibitor called RI-AG03, successfully prevented the build-up of toxic tau proteins in both laboratory and fruit fly studies. •Although further research is necessary, including clinical trials in humans, this research contributes to the advancement of more effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. •There are two main “hotspots” on the tau protein, where fibril clumping occurs. In this new study, research...
Tau proteins are essential for maintaining the structure and function of neurons. However, in Alzheimer’s disease, these proteins malfunction and aggregate into long, twisted fibrils. As these fibrils build up, they form neurofibrillary tangles- masses of tangled tau proteins
Read 15 tweets
Chise Profile picture
Oct 9, 2024
THIS IS HUGE! Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a vaccine against the bacterium Clostridioides difficile (C.diff), that in preclinical studies, protected against succumbing from infection AND prevented recurring cases. Let’s talk about that! 🧵⬇️
The study has been published in Science. Yes, it is PEER-REVIEWED.
• science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…Model figure. (A) C. difficile toxins target the intestinal epithelium and cause severe pathology and gastrointestinal disease leading to morbidity and mortality. (B) When vaccinated mice are infected with C. difficile, anti-toxin IgG and IgA protect mice from disease and inclusion of PPEP-1 and CdeM as immunogens improves decolonization of toxigenic C. difficile from the gastrointestinal tract. Credit: Science (2024). DOI: 10.1126/science.adn4955
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Chise Profile picture
Oct 5, 2024
THIS IS HUGE! Scientists at the University of Oxford are developing the world's FIRST ovarian cancer vaccine that could potentially wipe the disease out. OvarianVax teaches the immune system to recognize and attack the earliest stages of ovarian cancer. Let’s talk about that!🧵⬇️
The hope is that individuals could receive the vaccine preventatively with the goal of eradicating the disease. Researchers have suggested it could work in a similar way to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which is on track to stamp out cervical cancer.
Oxford researchers are designing OvarianVax, a vaccine which teaches the immune system to recognize and attack the earliest stages of ovarian cancer. The team will receive up to £600,000 for the study over the next three years to support lab research into the vaccine.
Read 12 tweets

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