Jerome Powell - Wikipedia

Powell earned a degree in politics from Princeton University in 1975 and a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1979. He moved to investment banking in 1984, and worked for several financial institutions, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Po…
including as a partner of The Carlyle Group.

Between 1990 and 1993, Powell worked in the United States Department of the Treasury, at which time Nicholas F. Brady, the former chairman of Dillon, Read & Co., was the United States Secretary of the Treasury. In 1992, Powell became
the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance after being nominated by George H. W. Bush. During his stint at the Treasury, Powell oversaw the investigation and sanctioning of Salomon Brothers after one of its traders submitted false bids for a United States Treasury
security. Powell was also involved in the negotiations that made Warren Buffett the chairman of Salomon.

From 1997 to 2005, Powell was a partner at The Carlyle Group, where he founded and led the Industrial Group within the Carlyle U.S. Buyout Fund. After leaving Carlyle,
Powell founded Severn Capital Partners, a private investment firm focused on specialty finance and opportunistic investments in the industrial sector.

In 1993, Powell began working as a managing director for Bankers Trust.

Bankers Trust Company was incorporated on March 24,
1903, with an initial capital of $1.5 million. Despite technically having numerous stockholders, the voting power was held by three associates of J.P. Morgan. Thus, it was widely viewed as a Morgan company. J. P. Morgan himself held a controlling interest, and Edmund C. Converse,
a steel manufacturer turned financier and then president of Liberty National Bank, was chosen to serve as Bankers Trust's first president.

During the Panic of 1907, Bankers Trust worked closely with J.P. Morgan to help avoid a general financial collapse by lending money to sound
banks. In 1911, it acquired the Mercantile Company and, a year later, the Manhattan Trust Company. In 1914 Converse resigned to become president of Astor Trust Company, another Morgan company. He was succeeded by his son-in-law Benjamin Strong Jr.. Strong served as president for
less than a year, leaving Bankers Trust to become the first governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York after helping to establish the Federal Reserve System.

Strong was born in Fishkill, New York, a Hudson Valley. The name "Fishkill" evolved from two Dutch words, vis
(fish) and kil (stream or creek). In 1714, Dutch immigrants settled in the area. The village of Fishkill was a significant crossroads in the overland transportation network in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Kings Highway, connecting Albany to New York City, intersected with a
major overland route from New England to the Hudson River.

The third New York Provincial Congress convened in Fishkill in May 1776. Fishkill became part of one of the largest colonial military encampments during the Revolutionary War. General Washington's aide-de-camp Alexander
Hamilton took residence here.

In 1913, Henry Morgenthau, Jr. met and became friends with Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt. He operated a farm named Fishkill Farms near the Roosevelt estate in upstate New York, specializing, like FDR, in growing Christmas trees. As Governor elect
of New York, Roosevelt named Morgenthau Chairman of an Agricultural Advisory Commission, and most of the Commission's recommendations were enacted into law. Morgenthau joined the incoming Roosevelt administration when Roosevelt asked him to head Farm Credit Administration,
which FDR had created by sending Congress an Executive order on March 27, 1933.

In 1934, when William H. Woodin resigned because of poor health, Roosevelt appointed Morgenthau Secretary of the Treasury; even conservatives approved. Morgenthau was a strict monetarist. President
Roosevelt, Morgenthau, and Federal Reserve Chairman Marriner Stoddard Eccles jointly kept interest rates low during the depression to finance massive public spending, and then later to support rearmament, support for Britain, and U.S. participation in WW II.

Morgenthau used his
position as Treasury chief to investigate organized crime and government corruption. Treasury Intelligence and other agencies (the notoriously fragmented United States federal law enforcement system had five in the Treasury Department alone) were uncoordinated in their efforts;
efforts to create a super-agency were stalled by J. Edgar Hoover, who feared his FBI would be overshadowed.

His biggest success was the new Social Security program.

In 1943, Morgenthau's Treasury Department approved the World Jewish Congress' plan to rescue Jews through the
use of blocked accounts in Switzerland, but the State Department and the British Foreign Office procrastinated further.

He obtained the presidential creation of the United States War Refugee Board (WRB) in January 1944.

As for the top Germans, Morgenthau at one point in summer
1944 suggested to Roosevelt that the top 50 or 100 German "arch-criminals" should be shot upon capture.

In 1944, Morgenthau proposed the Morgenthau Plan for postwar Germany, calling for Germany to lose its heavy industry, and the Ruhr "should not only be stripped of all
presently existing industries, but so weakened and controlled that it can not in the foreseeable future become an industrial area".

At the Second Quebec Conference on September 16, 1944, Roosevelt and Morgenthau persuaded the initially very reluctant British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill to agree to the Morgenthau Plan, likely using a $6 billion Lend-Lease agreement to do so.

The Second Quebec Conference (codenamed "OCTAGON") was a high-level military conference held during World War II by the British and American governments. The conference
was held in Quebec City, September 12 – September 16, 1944, and was the second conference to be held in Quebec, after "QUADRANT" in August 1943. The chief representatives were Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Combined Chiefs of Staff. Canada's Prime Minister
William Lyon Mackenzie King was the host but did not attend the key meetings.

The Morganthau plan faced opposition in Roosevelt's cabinet, primarily from Henry L. Stimson, and when the plan was leaked to the press, there was public criticism of Roosevelt.
German Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels used the leaked plan, with some success, to encourage the German people to persevere in their war efforts so that their country would not be turned into a "potato field."

Hoping to get Morgenthau to relent on his plan for Germany,
Roosevelt's son-in-law, Lt. Colonel John Boettiger, who worked in the United States Department of War, explained to Morgenthau how the American troops had had to fight for five weeks against fierce German resistance to capture Aachen and complained to him that the Morgenthau
Plan was "worth thirty divisions to the Germans." In late 1944, Roosevelt's election opponent, Thomas E. Dewey, said it was worth "ten divisions". Morgenthau refused to relent.
On May 10, 1945, Truman signed the U.S. occupation directive JCS 1067. Morgenthau told his staff
that it was a big day for the Treasury, and that he hoped that "someone doesn't recognize it as the Morgenthau Plan."

In occupied Germany Morgenthau left a direct legacy through what in OMGUS commonly were called "Morgenthau boys". These were U.S. Treasury officials whom
General Dwight D. Eisenhower had "loaned" in to the Army of occupation.

Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945.

In October 1945, Morgenthau published a book titled Germany is Our Problem in which he described and motivated the Morgenthau plan in great detail. Roosevelt had granted
permission for the book the evening before his death, when dining with Morgenthau at Warm Springs. Morgenthau had asked Churchill for permission to also include the text of the then still secret "pastoralization" memorandum signed by Churchill and FDR at Quebec but permission was
denied.

Morgenthau was first appointed by the U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as temporary President of the Bretton Woods Conference, which established the Bretton Woods system, the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(the World Bank).

In 1945, when Harry S. Truman became President, Morgenthau insisted on accompanying Truman to Potsdam by threatening to quit if he was not allowed to; Truman accepted his resignation immediately.

He was married to Elinor Lehman Fatman, granddaughter of
Mayer Lehman, a co-founder of Lehman Brothers; they had three children — Joan Elizabeth Morgenthau Hirschhorn, married to Fred Hirschhorn Jr.; Henry Morgenthau III, and Robert M. Morgenthau.

Mayer Lehman was one of the organizers of the New York Cotton Exchange, the oldest
commodities exchange in New York City, and served as its director. Mayer Lehman concentrated on the railroad, land, industrial and mining enterprises of the business.

Peter George Peterson (June 5, 1926 – March 20, 2018) was an American investment banker who served as United
States Secretary of Commerce from February 29, 1972, to February 1, 1973, under the Richard Nixon administration. Before serving as Secretary of Commerce, Peterson was also chairman and CEO of Bell & Howell from 1963 to 1971. From 1973 to 1984 he was chairman and CEO of
Lehman Brothers. Later in 1985, he co-founded the private equity firm The Blackstone Group, and served as chairman. In the same year, Peterson became chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, a position he held until his retirement in 2007 after which he was named chairman
emeritus.

In 1969, Pete was invited by philanthropist John D. Rockefeller III, CFR Chairman John J. McCloy, and former Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon to chair a Commission on Foundations and Private Philanthropy, which became known as the Peterson Commission.

The Commission
on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs, better known as the Filer Commission, was formed in 1973 to study philanthropy, the role of the private sector in American society, and then to recommend measures to increase voluntary giving. Organized as a privately supported citizen's
board, the Commission came into being through the efforts of John D. Rockefeller III, Wilbur D. Mills, George P. Shultz, and William E. Simon.

The above Findings and Recommendations were taken from the Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs, 1964-1980, Ruth Lilly
Special Collections and Archives, IUPUI University Library, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis.

Ruth Lilly (August 2, 1915 – December 30, 2009) was an American philanthropist, the last surviving great-grandchild of Eli Lilly, founder of the Eli Lilly and Company
pharmaceutical firm, and heir to the Lilly family fortune.

Ruth Lilly, the daughter of Ruth (née Brinkmeyer) and Josiah K. Lilly, Jr., was born on August 2, 1915, in Indianapolis, Indiana. She was eldest of their two children. Her younger brother, Josiah Kirby (J.K. or Joe)
Lilly III, was born on December 25, 1916.
Her great grandfather, Colonel Eli Lilly, founded Eli Lilly and Company in 1876. Her grandfather, Josiah K. Lilly Sr., succeeded Colonel Lilly as president of the pharmaceutical company in 1898 and became chairman of the board in 1932.
Following Herman “Dr Strangelove” Kahn's sudden death on July 7, 1983, Hudson Institute was restructured. Actively recruited by the City of Indianapolis and the Lilly Endowment, Hudson relocated its headquarters to Indiana in 1984. In 1987, Mitch Daniels, a former aide to
Senator Richard Lugar (R-IN) and President Ronald Reagan, was appointed CEO of Hudson Institute.

In 1990, Daniels left Hudson Institute to become Vice President of Corporate Affairs at Eli Lilly and Company.

Richard Lugar also twice served as Chairman of the Senate Committee on
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, from 1995 to 2001 and briefly again in part of 2001. Much of Lugar's work in the Senate was toward the dismantling of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons around the world, co-sponsoring his most notable piece of legislation with Georgia
Democrat Sam Nunn: the Nunn–Lugar Act.

A sample of those who have been on the Eli Lilly payroll includes: 
•Former President George Herbert Walker Bush (one-time member of the Eli Lilly board of directors) 
•Former CEO of Enron, Ken Lay (one-time member of the Eli
Lilly board of directors) 
•George W. Bush’s former director of Management and Budget, Mitch Daniels (a former Eli Lilly vice president) 
•George W. Bush’s Homeland Security Advisory Council member, Sidney Taurel (current CEO of Eli Lilly) 
•The National Alliance for the
Mentally Ill (a recipient of Eli Lilly funding)  

Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide (2-Butyllysergamide, LSB) is an analogue of LSD originally developed by Richard Pioch at Eli Lilly in the 1950s, but mostly publicised through research conducted by the team led by David E. Nichols at
Purdue University.

LSD was subject to exceptional interest within the field of psychiatry in the 1950s and early 1960s, with Sandoz distributing LSD to researchers under the trademark name Delysid in an attempt to find a marketable use for it.
During this time, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was interested in LSD as an addition to its preexisting research into using psychoactive substances to aid interrogation under Project MKUltra, although the CIA eventually ceased research into this in favor of the
possibility of giving LSD to world leaders so that they would discredit themselves under its influence, resulting in the CIA administering LSD to unwitting test subjects in order to observe how they would react, one of the most well known examples of this being Operation Midnight
Climax. LSD was one of several psychoactive substances evaluated by the U.S. Army Chemical Corps as possible non-lethal incapacitants at the Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland; some of these tests were also conducted on humans.

In 1917, the U.S. military divided American University
into two segments, Camp American University and Camp Leach. Camp American University became the birthplace of the United States' chemical weapons program and the site of chemical weapons testing; this required a major cleanup effort in the 1990s.

Adnan Khashoggi was implicated
in the Iran–Contra affair as a key middleman in the arms-for-hostages exchange along with Iranian arms dealer Manucher Ghorbanifar and, in a complex series of events, was found to have borrowed money for these arms purchases from the Bank of Credit and Commerce International
(BCCI) with Saudi and United States backing. His role in the affair created a related controversy when Khashoggi donated millions to the American University in Washington, DC to build a sports arena which would bear his name. Khashoggi was a member of the university's board of
trustees from 1983 until his indictment on fraud and other charges in May 1989. Khashoggi was "principal foreign agent" of the United States and helped establish the supranational intelligence partnership known as the Safari Club.

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