Thread by @Gaudeshwar

Thread on Gaudeshwar Madhusen who rebuilt the destructed Nalanda University -

● Gaudeshwar Paramasaugata Madhusen - the King of Bengal who defeated Turks & re-established Nalanda & Buddhagaya. (1/14)

In 1193, the Nālandā Viśhwavidyālaẏa & Baud'dhabihāra was destroyed by the Turk fanatic Bakhtiyar Khilji; this event is seen by scholars as a late milestone in the decline of Buddhism in India.(2/14)

Minhaj-i-Siraj, in his chronicle the Tabaquat-I-Nasiri (طبقات نصیری), reported that thousands of monks were burnt alive and thousands beheaded as Khilji uprooted Buddhism by sword; the burning of the library continued for several months and smoke from the burning manuscripts.(3/

In the second half of the thirteenth century Bengal was ruled by the Sena dynasty with Bikrampur as its capital. Raja Narayan Sen was succeeded by his son Madhusen who ascended the throne of Bengal. He was a devotee of Bud'dha Tathāgata and held the title of 'Paramsaugata' (4/14)

● Conquest of Lakhnauty (1272 AD) :

In 1268 after the death of Tatar Khan, the Sultan of Delhi Ghiyasuddin Balban appointed Sher Khan (شير خان) to serve as the Governor of Lakhnauty. Sher Khan ruled quietly for four years as he received little funds and power from Delhi.(5/14)

Thus, Bengal remained in the hands of the Sena dynasty kings. At this time Maharaja Madhusen attacked Lakhnauty with a well-organized Kaivartya navy. The Gaudiya army, located on the west bank of the Karatoya River, tore apart the Turk army with incessant arrows. (6/14)

Sher Khan was killed in this battle. Paramasaugata Madhusena ascended the throne of Gauda and held the title of "Gaudeshwar". Raja Gour Govardhan of Srihatta was ruling Lakhnauty as a feudal king of him. (7/14)

A handwritten ancient Sanskrit manuscript preserved by the Bengal Government states that ' "Paramabhaṭṭāraka Mahārājādhirāja Paramasaugata Madhusēna" ruled Gaudavanga at 1272 AD (1194 Shaka). (8/14)

● Conquest of Magadha (1278 AD) :

Following the death of Governor Sher Khan in 1272, Amin Khan Aitigin (امین خان آیتگین) was appointed as the Governor of Oudh and Bihar by Ghiyas ud din Balban, the Sultan of Delhi. Since Bengal had been under the control of the Sena dynasty.(9

Taking the advantage of the weakness of the Turks in Eastern India, Vaṅgādhipati Madhusēna formed an alliance with Kamaraj Purushottam Singha and Ashoka Challa and marched towards Bihar with a huge Dhali infantry. (10/14)

Amin Khan was defeated in a two-pronged attack from east and south and fled to Oudh. The Magadha and Gaya regions were conquered by Bengal and ruled by feudal lords of the Sena dynasty at that time. (11/14)

● Restoration of Buddhagaya and Nalanda Vishwavidyalay :

After a long period of 85 years, the Sanātanī rule was reestablished by Gaudeshwar Madhusen in Magadha. Paramasaugata Madhusena, a devotee of Buddha Tathāgata, organized a Mahāsaṅgha in the Gaya, the holy shrine.(12/14)

Buddhism was being newly established in the Gaya region on the initiative of his feudal lords Kamārāja Puruṣhōttama Singha and Sapādalakṣhapati Aśhōkachalla. Nalanda university & monastery, destroyed by the Turks, was renovated and re-established by Gaudeshwar Madhusen. (13/14)

A Buddhist inscription found in the contemporary Gaya region mentions "Lakṣhmaṇasēna Dēvapādānāmatītarājyē (লক্ষ্মণসেন দেবপাদানামতীতরাজ্যে/ लक्ष्मणसेन देवपादानमतीतराज्ये), which testifies to the existence of Bengal's Sena rule in Magadha at that time. (14/14)

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