A short thread on the batshit theories Europeans had on where birds went in the winter a few centuries ago, and the even stupider way they found out the truth.
For centuries, people in Europe didn't really know where birds went during the winter. It's not their fault, they had a lot on that kept them from investigating. It's hard to focus on "where did birb go?" when you're working on your main task of dying of the plague.
One theory, which went all the way back to Aristotle and ancient Greece, was that birds hibernated during the winter and that summer redstarts turned themselves into winter robins for the colder months, while garden warblers turn into blackcap warblers.
During Charles Guiteau's trial for the murder of President James A. Garfield he said “I admit to shooting the president. It was the doctors who murdered him.”
Though I'm reluctant to say "this murderer has a point" he may be right, given the deadly surgeries and rectal feeding.
On July 2, 1881, Garfield was shot as he waited for a train to take him for his summer vacation, less than 4 months into his presidency. His assassin grazed him on the shoulder with one bullet, but the 2nd went through his first lumbar vertebra and lodged firmly in his abdomen.
In 1767 John Hunter took the yellowish penile discharge of a man he believed to have gonorrhea and rubbed it into a wound he'd created in his own penis.
He believed that gonorrhea and syphilis were two forms of the same disease. He was wrong.
[Very short thread]
At the time, both diseases were known as "the pox", despite different and distinct symptoms. Some were beginning to believe – correctly – that the two forms of pox were actually different diseases.
Hunter, however, thought that the difference in symptoms was a result of differences in the tissues infected. What's more, he was so confident he was willing to bet his own penis that he was correct.