1) Prabhakarmitra: Went to China in 627 AD, translated some Buddhist works, died in 633 AD.
2) Atigupta ( o-ti-khu-to), from central India. He came to China in 652 AD & wrote 'Dharini-Samagrala-Sūtra'.
3) Divaraka: A monk from central India who translated 19 Buddhist works into Chinese;
4) Ratnachinta from Kashmir, who went to China nad translated seven Buddhist works from 693 AD to 706 AD;
5) Subhakara Simha from Nālandā, who went in 716 AD and died in 733 AD;
6) Dānāpala, hailed from Udayāna & translated 111 Buddhist works into Chinese
The visit of few more Indian scholars in the 11th century brings to close a glorious chapter of Indian history recording how the cultural contacts between India & China had continued for well over 1,000 years and established Buddhism in China.
The political disturbances following the Muslim invasion of India, along with the destruction of Indian centres of learning by the invading armies, interfered with these peaceful movements of scholars between India and China.
End
P. S: Two Indian scholars visited China in 980 AD. Their Chinese names are : ' Tien-si-tsai' & ' Che-hou'.
The former is stated to be from Kashmir or a native of Jalandhar ( jo-lan-to-lo).
In 20 years, he translated 18 works & served with Dānapāla on the Board of Translaters
Domingo Paes was a Portuguese traveller, who visited Vijaynagara in c. 1520 and has left a detailed and vivid description of Vijaynagara and the emperor.
His account is one of the very few descriptions of Vijaynagara by a foreign traveller.
Appearance of Raya
This is what Paes says about the Emperors' appearance:
"The king is of medium height, has a fair complexion and a good figure. He is of cheerful disposition, honours foreigners, receives them kindly and asks all about their affairs.... "
The story is taken from Ramayana, where Ravana, because of his victories against Gods and humans becomes so arrogant that he now wants to lift up the Kailasha, which is an abode of his benefactor God, Shiva and Goddess Parvati.
Let's look at the details of this sculpture, which is at cave number 29, Ellora.
The thread would list few of the greatest traitors of India, whose acts allowed foreign rule of the country, for which they were rewarded by the invaders.
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1. Sanggaios or Sanjaya (c. 327 BCE)
Sanggaios was a chieftain under 'Astes' or 'Hastin' during Alexander's invasion.
He betrayed his master and joined the Greeks, who captured the city.
Sanggaios was later given administration of the fallen city by Alexander.
2. Sisicottus or Sasigupta (c. 326 BCE)
Sasigupta was a chieftain of NW of India & helped Alexander during his invasion.
He was an agent of Greek imperialism, who also helped Alexander crush rebellion of Ashvanayas.
He was rewarded with regions like Rock of Aronos to govern.
The thread would detail many of the unknown facts about Gupta empire, which ruled whole of the subcontinent, directly or indirectly, including it's political, cultural, facets.
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1. Gupta Calender
Gupta calender, which started in 319 AD, was officially started by Chandragupta Vikramaditya (375/380-414 AD).
His Mathura pillar inscription of 380, denotes the date of "year 61", corresponding to 319 AD, in which we first come across the Gupta calender.
3. Succession
Gupta emperors got the throne by merit, rather than being the eldest.
Samudragupta may not have been the eldest son of Chandragupta-I, but yet was given the throne.
Similarly, Skandagupta was not the eldest son of Kumaragupta-I, but became an emperor.