In churches all across this island are traces of rood-screens. Sometimes just the rood-beam remains, sometimes high in a wall a door that leads to nowhere...
In Wales, we have eight rood-screens in our care, today’s #thread celebrates their craftsmanship and survival.
The majestic 15th-century roodscreen is the glory of Llananno church, Powys. The rood-beam trails with vines, pomegranates and wyverns. There are thirty-four carved coving panels. The rood-loft above carries twenty-five canopied niches framing Biblical figures.
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St Brothen’s, Gwynedd is a 13th-century church with awe-inspiring woodwork from the 15th century. The screen runs to nine bays with simple chamfered edges. Like many others it lost its rood loft and the rood itself, after the destruction of roods by government order in 1548.
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The most complete screen in our care is at Llanelieu, Powys. Carved in the 14th century, the red background is peppered with stencilled white roses. In the centre, a cross is picked out in bare wood. It’s the ghostly reminder of the rood - crucifix - that was lost.
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The screen at Llangwm Uchaf in Monmouthshire was carefully restored in the 19th century, but most the woodwork survives from the 1400s. The rood-loft – the walkway in line with the window heads – is so intricately carved and is accessed by a spiral staircase in the tower.
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At Derwen in Denbighshire, unusually, the richly carved rood-loft is the main survivor. On top of this loft, the rood would have been erected- a crucifix, flanked by figures of the Virgin Mary and St John the Baptist. Tantalisingly, the socket for the rood is still visible.
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The carcass of the screen is all that remains at Gwernesney, Monmouthshire. The hefty 15th-century rood-beam is carried by stone corbels and retains a foliate trail of decoration. Parts of an earlier screen were roughly jointed together to form a baptistry at the west end.
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The 1888 sgraffiti interior steals the show at Llanfair Kilgeddin. Few stop to admire the medieval roodscreen. Little of the medieval church remains, but this small screen separating the nave from the chancel is a key survivor. The large cross was added in the 20th century. 8/
Not far away in the tiny church of Llangeview, Monmouthshire the skeleton of a rood-loft from the 1400s hangs over the rows of 18th-century box pews. They create a curious juxtaposition.
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Eamon Duffy described roodscreens as 'the largest and most complex single piece of furniture in the late-medieval parish church... a feature of every parish in the land '. And while screens, lofts and beams remain, not a single rood has survived anywhere in the country.
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Caring for over 60 places of worship in England and Wales means that from a few of our churchyards you can see some varied sights.
From 20th century infrastructure to cultural landmarks, the fabric and fate of our churches has been shaped by their localities.
1/6 📷 Sutterby
On the Welsh border, in the remote fields of Herefordshire stands St Peter's, Llancillo. Adjacent to the church is an 8 meter high earthen Motte, which is all the remains of Llancillo Castle. This fortification was originally constructed in the 1090s by Richard Esketot.
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Releasing plumes of steam into the sky, the cooling towers of the Drax Power Station are visible, across the flat Yorkshire’s Ouse Valley, from St Helen's, Barmby on the Marsh. While St Helen’s tower was built in the 1770s, the cooling towers were constructed in the 1970s.
Red and yellow and pink and green ... most children can tell you that rainbows contain seven colours, and many of us use 'ROYGBIV' to remember them. But people haven't always seen rainbows this way.
Rubens' 'The Rainbow Landscape' of 1636 was painted just three decades before major new scientific theories about colour and light emerged. The rainbow lights up surrounding clouds with highlights of lemony yellow and blue.
In 1664, Robert Boyle conducted experiments with prisms, and in the 'artificial rain-bow' he produced, he observed five colours: Red, Yellow, Green, Blew and Purple. ...
The church at Skeffling was built from glacial clutter and recycled masonry in the 1400s. It sits in Holderness. A landscape of mudflats and salt-marshes washed into existence by the North Sea.
Here ‘leaves unnoticed thicken, hidden weeds flower, neglected waters quicken’.
Those are the words of poet, Philip Larkin. Larkin explored this area after he moved to Hull in 1955 to take up the position of librarian at the Brynmor Jones Library at the University of Hull. He lived there and held that job for thirty years, until his death in 1985.
Of Hull, he wrote "I never thought about Hull until I was here. Having got here, it suits me in many ways. It is a little on the edge of things, I think even its natives would say that. I rather like being on the edge of things.”
If there were more than 20 sheep in the flock, he could note the first 20 when he reached Figgit by putting a pebble in his pocket, and then starting the sequence from Yan again.
(info from 'Alex's Adventures in Numberland' by Alex Bellos)
In about 1300, five massive oak legs were pushed into the soil at Boveney to raise a belltower out of the clay tile roof of the 12th-century church. Inside, in the 1800s fielded panelling was installed, hiding those hardworking legs.
Perfect as that panelling looked, it obscured the most important timbers. Noticing that the bellcote was somewhat slumped, our architect removed some panels, and we found the legs were rotten. Boveney church was *almost* without a leg to stand on.
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Many things contributed to the decay-the high water-table of the river-bank church, deathwatch beetle, fruiting bodies… The panelling concealed this until it was almost too late. The words, ‘catastrophic collapse’, were used. Panic set in. The £60,000 repair bill quadrupled.
Between 1666 and 1680, the English parliament sought to protect the wool trade, by requiring the dead to be buried in nothing but a shroud of English sheep's wool. Plague victims and the destitute were the only exceptions.
The 'Burying in Woollen Acts' required an Affidavit within 8 days of burial, proving before a JP that the law had been complied with. Those who didn't comply were fined £5, half of which went to the poor. This blog has some terrific examples of affidavits:buff.ly/3YkB33B
Many wealthy families preferred to simply pay the fine and bury their loved ones in clothing or shrouds of finer materials, such as linen.