'Prithvivallabh' is a Gujarati historical novel by K.M.Munshi, published in 1921.
The novel describes the rivalry between King Munja and Tailap & the love-affair between Munja and princess Mrinalvati.
Historically, the main character of the novel is King Munja ( 972-994 AD), who was the king of Paramara dynasty ruling parts of Central and Western India.
Munja was from a long line of kings, which was made famous by his illustrious nephew, King Bhoja ( 1010-1055 AD).
Munja, during his kingship made many wars and tried to conquer the Western Chalukyas ruled by Tailap-II (973-997 AD).
Image of a kannada inscription of Tailap
The conflict between Munja and Tailapa has been described in a lost poem 'munja rasa' by Merutunga.
Merutunga describes that Munja initially defeated Tailapa six times and then boldly marched into his territory.
Munja was adviced against such an expedition by his minister, who foresaw defeat.
Munja, however, made his plans and crossed the Godavari to make war on Tailap.
The minister jumped into fire after Munja left.
Munja was soundly defeated by Tailap and imprisoned.
The Sangamner inscription of Bhiliama-II proudly boasts about thrashing the goddess of prosperity Lakshmi on the battlefield because she had sided with Munja, & forced her to become a housewife in the palace of Tailapa.
As per Merutunga, during his imprisonment, Munja and Tailapa's widowed sister Mrinalavati fell in love.
Meanwhile, Munja's ministers entered Tailapa's kingdom in disguise, and managed to get in touch with Munja.
They made a rescue plan, which Munja divulged to Mrinalavati, because he wanted to take her to Malwa.
Mrinalavati told her brother about Munja's escape plan.
As a result, Tailapa humiliated Munja by forcing him to beg door-to-door, and then had him executed.
So ended the tragic life of King Munja, who was betrayed by the woman he loved.
Like numerous instances, a king allowed himself to be bamboozled by beauty which in turn back-stabbed him, ultimately.
The story and the novel of K.M.Munshi has been immortalized in a movie of the same name starring the legendary Sohrab Modi and Durga Khote in 1943.
A Tv serial on the legend has been broadcast by Sony in 2018.
Munja also constructed many buildings. He comissioned many temples in Dhar & constructed a lake at Dhar and Mandu, which is still called 'Munja talao' ( Munja's tank)
He was called 'Vakpati'( Master of Speech) & was renowned as a great patron of art & literature.
The expansion of Mauryan empire towards south has been credited to two kings of the dynasty; Chandragupta or Bindusara.
Ashoka is ruled out because he only conquered Kalinga as per his own admission in RE-XIII, RE Kalsi, etc.
Let's look at Bindusara first.++
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Tārnātha, states that:
"Chanakya accomplished the destruction of the nobles & kings of 16 towns and made Bindusara master of all territory between the eastern and western sea”.
Apart from this, his title 'Amitraghata' = slayer of foes, indicates some forms of conquests. ++
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However, there is rather discouraging evidence against Bindusara's capacity as a conqueror due to following reasons:
a) He was a man of easy going nature & interests mainly in philosophy, wines & figs;
b) There were frequent rebellions in his empire, like Taxila (twice) ++
The thread details the daily routine of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, whose empire stretched from Peshawar to Satluj in the 19th century.
Parts of the thread have taken from accounts of soldiers & diplomats, who spent time with the Maharaja.
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W.G. Osborne- British Military Secretary, spent a month with the Maharaja in 1838 at Dinanagar in Gurdaspur district & noted the routine of the Maharaja.
The Maharaja woke up at 4.30 am during summers & 6 am in winters.
He would start the day with a "brisk gallop at 5 am". ++
On inquiring whether they had breakfast or not, and the reply being in negative, he ordered breakfast to be served at the spot.
The breakfast consisted of rice, curry, sweetmeats, fat cakes stuffed with spices, mango jam and milk.
Moksha: A Charity Event in the Times of Harshavardhan.
The following thread would look at an event named 'Moksha', held every 5 years at Prayaga, under Harsha of Kannauj.
The details of the event have been taken from the writings of Xuanzang, who saw this event in c.639 AD.
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Harsha fixed the place of this event at Prayaga (Prayagraj), at the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna, where according to the traditions "it is more advantageous to give one mite in charity, than a thousand in other places."
This 'Arena of Charity’ was the great sandy plain, about 8 kms on the west of confluence, where even to this day is held the most important & numerously attended Hindu religious congregation of India, called the 'Mahakumbh.'