Dave Kline Profile picture
Dec 2, 2021 13 tweets 4 min read Read on X
Root Cause Analysis (aka The 5 Whys) is a common consulting tactic.

But it can actually fuel personal development.

I've run 100's of these sessions and learned one key truth:

The 6th Why is the one that matters 🧵
1/ The 5 Whys?

It's a diagnostic problem solving technique popularized by Sakichi Toyoda, the Japanese industrialist & Toyota founder.

I practiced it at Bridgewater where it was the critical inflection point in Ray Dalio's 5-step process.
2/ The Theory

Ask Why questions to identify the underlying root cause of an issue.

Then make changes to improve outcomes in the future.

The deeper you dig, the higher the leverage of the fix.

Put simply: Don't treat the symptom, cure the disease.
3/ This practice has taken hold far beyond manufacturing:

4/ Why it works

In a word: Compounding

Treat the root cause effectively and you:

✅ Deal with the immediate problem

✅ Prevent future recurrences of the issue

✅ Address other seemingly unrelated problems

One fix to address many problems.
5/ Is it really that easy?

Actually, no.

Why questions are open-ended and can go a number of directions.

You definitely have the potential for a fractal of nonsense.

So be honest with each Why:

Is your answer the big deal or a distraction?

6/ Example

Customer abandoned a purchase on your site:

Why? They want a promo code
Why? They think your price is too high
Why? We didn't do market research
Why? We're understaffed
Why? I haven't filled the position

Magic, right?

Well, almost.
7/ The 6th Why

Do you notice what happens as we move through the Whys?

💡 They get specific -> We progress from what happened to what caused it.

💡 And more personal -> Groups narrow to individuals.

There's one more Why & it's uncomfortable.

But that's where the growth is.
8/ Back to our example

Why haven't you filled the position?

❌ Maybe you designed an unattractive role

❌ Perhaps you didn't see the demand coming

❌ Or you are losing people faster than you can hire

These answers are raw & imply something about YOU is causing the issue.
9/ This isn't just about work

I can't get in shape

Why? No time to workout
Why? Day is packed with work
Why? My boss keeps piling on more
Why? B/c I haven't told her no
Why? B/c I can't disappoint her

Why? B/c I need the money

Wait, it's a money issue not a fitness problem?
10/ Now what?

Don't overreact to one mistake. We all make them.

Do watch for patterns of mistakes. These tend to reveal true weaknesses.

For these, consider how to best address:

- setup guardrails
- fix your habits
- automate
- eliminate
- delegate
If you found this personal improvement method helpful, please share the first tweet.

And follow me @dklineii if you're interested in more practical guides for your career and lifelong learning.
If you're a new manager, or a manager struggling to have the impact you desire, you'll be interested in my Systematic Management Accelerator:

• 3-week cohort
• Tight-knit peer community
• Tactics & systems to build & lead great teams

Join my waitlist
skillscouter.com/management-acc… Image

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More from @dklineii

Jan 28
Firing people sucks. The only thing worse is being fired. It is easiest to push the idea from your mind. Ignore it. But in each life, there are moments that matter 100x more than others. Those are worth being prepared for. This is one of those moments. Here's how to be ready:
Watch the Radar

Layoffs rarely surprise.

Internal: Slowed spending? Frozen hiring? Leaders distracted by "secret" projects? Why? They stop the bleeding before cutting deeper.

External: Layoffs at competitors? Fundraising stalled? Ask: How different is your company?
Build a Runway

You'll make better decisions if you're not worried about basic needs. Get on the fast track to saving 6 months of living expenses. How?

Reduce your burn: lower costs from big to small
Grow your income: spin up your side hustle now
Read 11 tweets
Jan 26
Unclear expectations cause 95% of problems at work. The manager is frustrated. The employee is confused. Everyone loses. Here's my simple playbook for managers and employees to get on the same page fast:
If you're the manager:

Setting expectations is your primary job.

If your team doesn't know what you expect, you're failing them. And despite great effort, chances are they're letting you down.

The vicious cycle of frustration builds.
If that's the case, there are only three causes:

1. You're not managing your boss well
2. You're incapable of making a decision
3. You're hoping people will read your mind
Read 12 tweets
Jan 25
I've trained 1400+ managers. They all struggle with delegation. The issue isn't assigning work. It's ensuring the work gets done well without micromanaging. Here's a simple 5-step system for helping your team succeed:
1. Create Clarity

Establish 5 parameters upfront:

• Outcome: What success looks like
• Quality: What signals done
• Method: Agree on how the work gets done
• Timeline: Set clear milestones and deadlines
• Risk: The boundaries for autonomy
2. Preview Your Approach

Calibrate oversight based on:
• How critical the work is
• Their confidence in the person

Then communicate the plan:
• "I'll check in at these specific points..."
• "Here's how I'll measure progress..."

No surprises = No micromanagement
Read 8 tweets
Nov 20, 2025
If I've learned one thing about leading teams the last 25 years, it's that you won't get anywhere without trust.

Here's how to build it (and keep it)🧵 Image
There are 4 types of trust.

Each one build upon the previous:
• Character Trust (integrity)
• Capability Trust (skills)
• Consistency Trust (reliability)
• Connection Trust (relatability)

Skip one and your foundation is shaky at best.
CHARACTER TRUST

• Do what you say you'll do
• Take radical ownership of mistakes
• Be honest even when it's uncomfortable
• Make decisions based on principles, not politics

Without integrity, nothing else matters.
Read 9 tweets
Oct 21, 2025
Most managers have a fuzzy picture of their people.

They know job titles and recent projects. Maybe some surface-level preferences.

High-performing managers have high-fidelity pictures of every team member.

Here's how AI helps you build them:
THE PICTURE YOU NEED

A complete view includes:
• Capabilities (what they can do)
• Preferences (how they work best)
• Character & Values (who they are)
• Expectations (what success looks like)
• Development goals (where they're headed)
CAPABILITIES: What they can do

Feed AI:
• Performance reviews and peer feedback
• Project outcomes and deliverables
• Examples of their best work

Prompt: "Analyze these and identify their top 3 competencies and 2 growth areas."
Read 10 tweets
Oct 11, 2025
Good feedback drives people to change.
Bad feedback drives them out the door.

A simple playbook to get it right 🧵 Image
Clarity

Without clear expectations, all feedback feels like criticism.

- Define what excellence looks like upfront
- Use measurable language that eliminates interpretation
- Provide specific examples that illustrate the standard

Clear is kind. Ambiguity is future resentment.
Contrast

Meaningful improvement requires seeing the gap.

- Highlight the difference between current and desired states
- Use data to size the gap accurately
- Acknowledge progress by measuring distance traveled

The gap isn't a judgment.
It's the roadmap to growth.
Read 8 tweets

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