Dave Kline Profile picture
Dec 2, 2021 13 tweets 4 min read Read on X
Root Cause Analysis (aka The 5 Whys) is a common consulting tactic.

But it can actually fuel personal development.

I've run 100's of these sessions and learned one key truth:

The 6th Why is the one that matters 🧵
1/ The 5 Whys?

It's a diagnostic problem solving technique popularized by Sakichi Toyoda, the Japanese industrialist & Toyota founder.

I practiced it at Bridgewater where it was the critical inflection point in Ray Dalio's 5-step process.
2/ The Theory

Ask Why questions to identify the underlying root cause of an issue.

Then make changes to improve outcomes in the future.

The deeper you dig, the higher the leverage of the fix.

Put simply: Don't treat the symptom, cure the disease.
3/ This practice has taken hold far beyond manufacturing:

4/ Why it works

In a word: Compounding

Treat the root cause effectively and you:

✅ Deal with the immediate problem

✅ Prevent future recurrences of the issue

✅ Address other seemingly unrelated problems

One fix to address many problems.
5/ Is it really that easy?

Actually, no.

Why questions are open-ended and can go a number of directions.

You definitely have the potential for a fractal of nonsense.

So be honest with each Why:

Is your answer the big deal or a distraction?

6/ Example

Customer abandoned a purchase on your site:

Why? They want a promo code
Why? They think your price is too high
Why? We didn't do market research
Why? We're understaffed
Why? I haven't filled the position

Magic, right?

Well, almost.
7/ The 6th Why

Do you notice what happens as we move through the Whys?

💡 They get specific -> We progress from what happened to what caused it.

💡 And more personal -> Groups narrow to individuals.

There's one more Why & it's uncomfortable.

But that's where the growth is.
8/ Back to our example

Why haven't you filled the position?

❌ Maybe you designed an unattractive role

❌ Perhaps you didn't see the demand coming

❌ Or you are losing people faster than you can hire

These answers are raw & imply something about YOU is causing the issue.
9/ This isn't just about work

I can't get in shape

Why? No time to workout
Why? Day is packed with work
Why? My boss keeps piling on more
Why? B/c I haven't told her no
Why? B/c I can't disappoint her

Why? B/c I need the money

Wait, it's a money issue not a fitness problem?
10/ Now what?

Don't overreact to one mistake. We all make them.

Do watch for patterns of mistakes. These tend to reveal true weaknesses.

For these, consider how to best address:

- setup guardrails
- fix your habits
- automate
- eliminate
- delegate
If you found this personal improvement method helpful, please share the first tweet.

And follow me @dklineii if you're interested in more practical guides for your career and lifelong learning.
If you're a new manager, or a manager struggling to have the impact you desire, you'll be interested in my Systematic Management Accelerator:

• 3-week cohort
• Tight-knit peer community
• Tactics & systems to build & lead great teams

Join my waitlist
skillscouter.com/management-acc… Image

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More from @dklineii

Jul 20
Every CEO I coach asks me some version of the same question.

"How do I find A-players who make sh!t happen?"

At Bridgewater, I ran hundreds of interviews looking for this exact thing. We called it "acting like an owner." Others call it high agency. Here are 5 tests to find it:
Test #1: The Conviction Test

Have they taken a contrarian stance that was later proven correct?

If No... you're hiring someone who requires direction and waits for consensus.

The best people see something before everyone else agrees it's true. And they act on it anyway.
Test #2: The (Un)popularity Contest

Have they walked away from something safe for something risky?

If No... they've never actually bet on themselves. And it's not just belief. It requires moving past others' disbelief.

You want someone who's survived feeling alone before.
Read 8 tweets
Jul 16
For years I delegated by gut. "Can I trust them with this?" If yes, hands off. If no, hover close. Both were wrong. I smothered good people and abandoned people who needed help. Trust wasn't the right lens. Here how to get your oversight right:
1. Score the work on two things:

How capable is the person at getting it right?
How risky is the work if it goes wrong?

Vary your distance by your confidence and the consequences.
2. High skill, low risk: get out of the way.

Give the outcome and a deadline, then leave. Checking in here isn't diligence. It's you telling your best people you don't trust what you already know they can do.
Read 7 tweets
Jul 14
An executive I worked with got fired unexpectedly. The signs that he wasn't trusted were there for months. No matter what I did, he didn't want to see them. "If only I'd really listened to you."

Here are the 4 tests he was failing:
Test #1: The Front Foot Test

Is your boss asking you for updates?

If Yes...you're being reactive.

Trusted managers answer the questions before they're asked. Better yet, they answer the questions their boss should be asking.

Confidence conveys competence.
Test #2: The Surprise Test

How often does your boss learn bad news about your team from someone other than you?

If it's happening at all, you won't have their trust.

At best, you have their tolerance.

Those might feel the same. Until they don't.
Read 8 tweets
Jul 12
I've trained 1500+ managers. Two skills make or break them: setting expectations and holding people accountable. But both take hours to get right, so they rationalize skipping them. AI removes the friction, not the conversation. Here's the old way vs the new way:
1. Setting expectations, old way:

90 minutes drafting a role scorecard, sent Friday, read Monday. By Wednesday you're aligned on 60% and "circling back" on the rest.

It felt like a good start. But it created three weeks of clarifying meetings instead of actual clarity.
2. Setting expectations, new way:

Paste in the JD, last two reviews, and team OKRs into AI. 'Draft 5 outcomes this person owns this quarter and the 3 behaviors that produce them.'

You're making final edits in 5 minutes, and the doc lands cleanly. You still own the final call.
Read 7 tweets
Jul 3
You need to develop more "executive presence." Well-intentioned feedback that's utterly useless. The problem: It's the visible symptom not the deeper cause. If someone tells you this, your first job is to figure out which of these five things they actually mean...
Problem 1: Quality of Thinking

The tell: People leave your meetings with worse questions than they arrived with.

The fix: Write your calls down. Grade them quarterly. Figure out where your judgment is strong and where it's lacking.

Nothing teaches like unfiltered data.
Problem 2: Clear Communication

The tell: Your ideas get restated by someone else and land better.

The fix: Lead with the answer. Pyramid Principle in one line: answer first, three reasons, evidence under each.

If the "so what?" isn't obvious to an outsider, it's not ready.
Read 9 tweets
Jul 2
You are not rewarded for hard work. You are rewarded for being hard to replace. Outcomes, not effort. True for every employee. Even more acute for managers. Here are 7 skills that make a manager irreplaceable:
1. Relentlessly Resourceful

Constraints stop average performers but inspire exceptional ones.

- Generate options for every obstacle
- Build a cross-functional solution network
- Document your wins to reinforce the mindset

Teams never let go of people who find a way forward.
2. Coveted Coach

Your impact multiplies when you develop others.

- Spot strengths people don't see in themselves
- Connect development to real work
- Encourage good mistakes

Great leaders don't create followers.
They create more leaders.
Read 9 tweets

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