Dave Kline Profile picture
Dec 2, 2021 13 tweets 4 min read Read on X
Root Cause Analysis (aka The 5 Whys) is a common consulting tactic.

But it can actually fuel personal development.

I've run 100's of these sessions and learned one key truth:

The 6th Why is the one that matters 🧵
1/ The 5 Whys?

It's a diagnostic problem solving technique popularized by Sakichi Toyoda, the Japanese industrialist & Toyota founder.

I practiced it at Bridgewater where it was the critical inflection point in Ray Dalio's 5-step process.
2/ The Theory

Ask Why questions to identify the underlying root cause of an issue.

Then make changes to improve outcomes in the future.

The deeper you dig, the higher the leverage of the fix.

Put simply: Don't treat the symptom, cure the disease.
3/ This practice has taken hold far beyond manufacturing:

4/ Why it works

In a word: Compounding

Treat the root cause effectively and you:

✅ Deal with the immediate problem

✅ Prevent future recurrences of the issue

✅ Address other seemingly unrelated problems

One fix to address many problems.
5/ Is it really that easy?

Actually, no.

Why questions are open-ended and can go a number of directions.

You definitely have the potential for a fractal of nonsense.

So be honest with each Why:

Is your answer the big deal or a distraction?

6/ Example

Customer abandoned a purchase on your site:

Why? They want a promo code
Why? They think your price is too high
Why? We didn't do market research
Why? We're understaffed
Why? I haven't filled the position

Magic, right?

Well, almost.
7/ The 6th Why

Do you notice what happens as we move through the Whys?

💡 They get specific -> We progress from what happened to what caused it.

💡 And more personal -> Groups narrow to individuals.

There's one more Why & it's uncomfortable.

But that's where the growth is.
8/ Back to our example

Why haven't you filled the position?

❌ Maybe you designed an unattractive role

❌ Perhaps you didn't see the demand coming

❌ Or you are losing people faster than you can hire

These answers are raw & imply something about YOU is causing the issue.
9/ This isn't just about work

I can't get in shape

Why? No time to workout
Why? Day is packed with work
Why? My boss keeps piling on more
Why? B/c I haven't told her no
Why? B/c I can't disappoint her

Why? B/c I need the money

Wait, it's a money issue not a fitness problem?
10/ Now what?

Don't overreact to one mistake. We all make them.

Do watch for patterns of mistakes. These tend to reveal true weaknesses.

For these, consider how to best address:

- setup guardrails
- fix your habits
- automate
- eliminate
- delegate
If you found this personal improvement method helpful, please share the first tweet.

And follow me @dklineii if you're interested in more practical guides for your career and lifelong learning.
If you're a new manager, or a manager struggling to have the impact you desire, you'll be interested in my Systematic Management Accelerator:

• 3-week cohort
• Tight-knit peer community
• Tactics & systems to build & lead great teams

Join my waitlist
skillscouter.com/management-acc… Image

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More from @dklineii

Jun 3
It's not me. It's you.

Here's my step-by-step playbook for handling underperforming employees: Image
A common mistake many leaders make:

Confusing progress with what's required to succeed.

Both A and B are showing progress:

- But A will soon be a star.
- While B will consistently disappoint.

Here's how to decide which one your managing:
First, look inward. Have you set them up well?

They deserve everything an employee needs to succeed:
- Tech/Tools
- Access/Training
- Support/Guidance
- Reasonable Workload/Deadlines

Offer them the same excellence you're expecting.
Read 12 tweets
May 31
If you want to become a better manager overnight,

I would teach you this one skill: Image
Setting expectations.

Why?

It is the single highest leverage activity you can do.

And nearly everyone leading a team does it poorly.

Or not at all.
Let's start with a question: Are you hiring clairvoyant people?

Right, me neither.

So how do you get on the same page with them? And how do you do that with 5 or 10 people? How about a whole company?

You align with them what you expect.
Read 11 tweets
May 15
The 5 pillars of leadership:

Mission -> What's our Why?
Strategy -> How are we different?
Talent -> How do we find our A-players?
Operations -> How do we deliver effectively?
Improvement -> How do we consistently compound?

Here's how to answer each one:
MISSION: What's our Why?

The best leaders don't sell destinations.
They sell becoming part of a movement.

Your team doesn't want another goal.
They want to be part of a story bigger than themselves.

Mission isn't what you do—it's why anyone should care.
STRATEGY: How are we different?

Most companies compete on better.
Winners compete on "defensible differences."

Strategy isn't a plan to win the game.
It's defining the game on your terms.

The hardest part:
Saying "No" to good opportunities that don't fit.
Read 7 tweets
May 8
Leading a high-performing team is hard but not complicated.

You only have 5 levers to drive meaningful impact.

Here are simple tips to maximize each one: Image
1. Clear Goal

Call it a mission, a purpose, or a goal.
It needs to be clear and compelling.
People want a purpose, not just a paycheck.

Tip: You cannot repeat this often enough. You team should know it word for word.
2. Best People

There are only two paths: buy or build.
Elite leaders recruit 25% of their time.
Elite leaders coach most of the rest.

Tip: Everyone needs a 3-bullet development plan.
Read 9 tweets
May 6
95% of problems at work come down to one thing:

Unclear expectations.

Use this playbook to keep managers and employees on the same page:
If you're the manager:

Setting expectations is your only job.

If your team doesn't know what you expect, you're failing them. And despite great effort, chances are they're letting you down.

The vicious cycle of frustration builds.
And if that's the case, there can only be three causes:

- You're not managing your boss well
- You're incapable of making a decision
- You're hoping people will read your mind
Read 12 tweets
May 5
I've interviewed 500+ candidates.

These 5 questions reveal more in 30 minutes than most companies learn in 3 rounds.

And exactly what I’m listening for in their answers 🧵
Question 1: "Who will follow you here?"

I uncover:

- How self-aware they are
- Their standing in the community
- Their willingness to recruit & close

I’m listening for how they speak of others, how they speak of their current company, and the specific rationale for why his team members would be motivated to follow.
Question 2: “Tell me about the last thing you owned end-to-end.”

- What did they choose to highlight?
- Did they own it or just contribute?
- You’re hiring for ownership.

I’m listening for verbs (initiated, facilitated, etc.), and clear outcomes. Bonus points for any self-reflection showing how it could have been improved in hindsight.
Read 8 tweets

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