Mike Sowden Profile picture
Dec 3, 2021 22 tweets 11 min read Read on X
In January of this year, photos started bouncing round the internet of this deeply weird thing happening in the sky above Glasgow. Photoshop trickery?

The bizarre truth:
- yes, everyone really saw these
- no, they're not faked or manmade
- they absolutely don't exist.

🧵

1/ Image
Here's the same thing happening above London (the other one, in Ontario, Canada) in 2018.

Again: these *aren't* spotlights shining upwards. They alse aren't the Northern Lights.

Also, they aren't actually there, even though everyone can see them.

Deep, deep weirdness.

2/ Image
From a year early, again in Ontario (North Bay this time):

Yes, they come in different colours too.

Really gorgeous, right? Like an incredibly relaxing version of fireworks that even dogs could get behind.

(And yes, dogs should be able to see them too.)

3/ Image
But there are different levels of unreality at work here.

The light creating this effect certainly exists. And the optical conditions making us see these pillars of light - they exist too.

But the columns themselves?

They just aren't there.

4/ Image
This stunning example from weather enthusiast @TomPurdyWI is truly magnificent.

I would have sat there until all my extremities turned numb - which would have only taken minutes. This effect relies on very cold weather...

Okay, time for the science.

5/ Image
The atmospheric optical illusion known as a Light Pillar relies on ice crystals in the air, drifting slowly downwards.

Most are flat & hexagonal, & most align themselves horizontally. A slow rain of tiny fancy-gastropub dinner plates, made of ice...

6/ Image
...and the ones aligned *just so*...they act like mirrors.

They catch the light from somewhere distant and bounce it into your eyes.

But you mainly see the light from crystals at a certain distance from you. Different heights - same distance.

7/ Image
Looking at this diagram again (via lwpetersen.com/atmospheric-op…):

The dashed line is the illusion we see. It's our interpretation of the very real photons hitting our retinas.

And it creates a pillar of light that isn't really there.

I mean, this is barmy, right?

8/ Image
When you see light pillars, like these over Pinedale, Wyoming (pic. David J. Bell), you're really seeing reflected light from ice crystals hanging in the air halfway between you & where these pillars *appear* to be.

You won't believe it at the time, though. (I wouldn't.)

9/ Image
If you're thinking 'Does this happen with sunlight and moonlight too?' then full marks awarded!

This is a Sun Pillar over Norway, via apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap180606.….

10/ Image
And here is a Moon Pillar over Antarctica, in a photo by Daniel Michalik, a research fellow at the European Space Agency.

*Wildly* beautiful.

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Tragically, I'm about to be kicked out of the coffeeshop I'm writing in. Time to wrap this up.

But I'll soon be writing about all this in my @SubstackInc newsletter, 'Everything Is Amazing'. Want more? Sign up!

everythingisamazing.substack.com

Thanks for reading. :) #YayScience
Final point: where I haven't given credit in the thread to their original photographers and their *amazing* work here (none of these pics are mine except his one), I will be doing so fully in my upcoming newsletter.

Photographers deserve full credit in all cases.

Ta. Image
Update:

A beautiful example here, courtesy of @_TheGeoff:
Further update! This pic's by @hanshovmoller, and taken in Sweden this January. Feast your eyes, folks. What a stunner.

Since this thread is currently exploding in a way I was NOT expecting (good lord), a few other optical illusion threads you may enjoy:

- the "you can't unsee this" hilarity of pareidolia:

- the floating oddness of fata morgana:
And even more threads!

1/ The greatest travel journalism hoax in British history:

2/ An imaginary American town that refused to stay fake:

3/ Why all our maps could be the wrong way round:
Also: a bit off-thread, but since so many gamers are here shouting "loot boxes!", here's a plug for my favourite game, #TheLongDark, from @HinterlandGames & @RaphLife:

store.steampowered.com/app/305620/The…

It'll make you feel much of the cold, glittery wonder in the photos in this thread.
And a final shout-out to @StephNx79, whose photo is at the top of this thread, which started me down this whole fascinating rabbit-hole of optical delightfulness: (Apologies to Steph that I didn't spot their equally viral tweet until now!)
And *finally* finally - here's my writeup of the whole thing, with a few more pics + additional metaphysical weirdness:

everythingisamazing.substack.com/p/the-best-vir…

Thanks for reading this thread! (What a whopper it's become, whew.) Image
Bonus atmospheric optical shenanigans: fogbows! I had no idea these existed: bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englan… (h/t @hellobensalt)
*Update*: My final optical illusions thread just went up - and it's a mindboggling one:

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More from @Mikeachim

Nov 8, 2022
On the 21st July 1976, NASA released the very first colour image taken by the Viking 1 lander from the surface of Mars.

And....wait, what?

The Martian sky is BLUE?

1/ Image
This is obviously not what anyone was expecting. Mars is...

Well, you can see it for yourself on a clear night, with your naked eye. It's noticeably red - about as red as Betelgeuse, tenth-brightest star in our night sky.

No blue. So - what? WHAT?

2/ ImageImage
The Martian atmosphere just isn't thick enough to be blue - just 600 pascals, vs the Earth's 101,000.

That scene in "The Martian" where the rocket's in danger of being blown over? No, sir. Not enough punch to it: space.com/30663-the-mart…

3/ Image
Read 22 tweets
Oct 28, 2022
You know the BEST thing about ancient history? All that pristine grey-white stone! SO CLASSY AND REGAL.

Look at this gorgeously monochrome scene from 'Gladiator'. Just look at how *right* it looks.

Yeah. Except - no. Get ready for a shock.

1/
In the middle of the Parthenon in Athens, the ancient Greek sculptor Phidias (480 – 430 BC) built a gigantic statue of Athena Parthenosos, about 11 metres high.

Alas, nothing remains of it today. But there are enough accounts of its construction to make a replica...

2/ Image
...so someone did that: sculptor Alan Le Quire, in (of all places) Nashville.

Not quite what you were expecting, mayhaps?

Well, it was built around a core of cypress wood, and then panelled with gold and ivory plates. That's the description. That's what they did.

Blimey.

3/ Image
Read 11 tweets
Jun 28, 2022
When my Zanclean Megaflood thread went nuts in February, some folk said "look into a thing called Atlantropa! It's just as mindblowing!"

They weren't wrong. And now I can't get *this* story out my head either.

So, once more, here we go.

1/
It's 1928.

This is German architect Herman Sörgel. Horrified by the First World War, keen to see everyone put down their weapons & actually, properly work together for a change, he's just had a idea that would solve *everything*.

He's going to drain the Mediterranean.

2/
No, really. It's simple!

All it would take is a series of dams:

- Across the Gibraltar Strait
- Across the Dardanelles to hold back the Black Sea
- Between Sicily and Tunisia, road-linking Europe & Africa
- At the Suez Canal.

Easy-peasy.

3/
Read 15 tweets
Jun 3, 2022
There's a vast patch of seagrass off the coast of Australia (3 x the size of Manhattan) - and now genetic testing has discovered it's a *single plant* around 4,500 years old:

bbc.co.uk/news/world-aus…

But incredibly, this isn't our planet's biggest living organism...

1/
Oooh. Actually, I might be dead wrong on this. Last I heard, there are single examples of honey fungus in Oregon & Russia that hold that title:

scientificamerican.com/article/strang…

(The Oregon fungus could be up to 8,650 years old, which makes us look a bit like mayflies in comparison.)
But the Australian seagrass covers nearly *200 sq km*, which far outstrips the extent of any recorded single fungus, I think?

Certainly, many places are reporting the seagrass story as The World's Biggest Organism:

science.org/content/articl…

So - okay then.
Read 4 tweets
Apr 24, 2022
If today's a slow one, how about a stroll along the world's longest mountain chain?

No, not Himalaya (2,500km). And not the Andes (7,000km) either.

This one's....65,000km long.

But it's ok. We'll just do a bit of it.

1/
We start in Iceland. (Credit: flickr.com/photos/sackerm…)

OK, I lied. It's only really here can you walk along it: the Þingvellir National Park, where, geologically speaking, North America & Europe are slowly drifting apart.

Enjoy the sunshine! There's none where we're going.

2/
If we went southeast into the water, it gets deep really quickly - maybe 2,000 metres, same as the Black Sea. About the depth of a Russian battleship.

*cough*

But we're following the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - so southwest it is.

3/
Read 29 tweets
Apr 24, 2022
Off of the news that Twitter is banning advertisements that contradict the scientific consensus on climate change (washingtonpost.com/technology/202…) and the inevitable kerfuffle, a distinction worth noting:

Denialism is not the same as healthy, questioning criticism. Not at all.

1/
This gets incredibly complicated and tangled, but - whenever something is contradicting the consensus with *absolute certainty*, it's probably bullshit. Utter certainty is the smoking gun there.

No curiosity, no interested questions, no willingness to be proven wrong.

2/
I guess it's the effect of "one man against the world" narratives, but - the thing about the consensus is it's where basically the weight of all the evidence is.

To overturn one, you need to try to overturn the other. If you're not, while claiming utter certainty?

Yikes.

3/
Read 5 tweets

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