1
King Nala’s (Nala-Damayanti fame) culinary book Paka Darpanam describes rice recipes that we still eat today. Recipes for tamarind rice, lemon rice, curry leaf rice, yogurt rice, Biriyani from chicken, meat, quail & Tahari were all eaten in India even before Mahabharat times.
2
Rice fried with Ghee was called “Ghritanna” & many rice preparations in this category are still enjoyed in Indian cuisine today. Lemon juice, sesame oil, ginger, garlic, curry leaves & Hing were combined to make delicious lemon rice to increase strength & reduce phlegm.
3
Tamarind (Chinchafala) & Curry Leaf (Kaitarya) rice are similarly described. Tamarind rice made of tamarind juice, ginger, garlic & Hing increases heat & subdues colic. Curry leaf made with sesame oil, Hing & camphor is an antiseptic, kills parasites & reduces congestion.
4
Even curd (Dadhi) rice is described with raw mango pulp, garlic, white pepper, dry ginger powder, fresh ginger, curry leaf, & coriander. This preparation was made fragrant by adding cardamom, leaves of lemon & Kewra flower to improve digestive capacity & reduce stiffness.
5
Tahari, made of of rice, & split Rajma, as well as varieties of Mamsodana (meat pulao or Biriyani) of chicken (Kukkutmamsatailodana) or quail (Labukmamsodana), with spices in a Potli (sachet), enhanced with Parpata (Papad) & scents of musk, Kewra, camphor, etc. are described.
6
An unusual recipe for Vegetable Pulao or Ghee fried rice, is called Chitrapaka which consists of a fragrant rice made out of onions, ginger, mushrooms, coriander, lemon, scented with saffron, musk etc. which can be eaten as is or mixed with meat later.
7
Surprisingly many vegetables & fruits Indians enjoy today are clearly mentioned in Paka Darpanam. Traditional recipes like Dal, Payasam (Kheer), varieties of Saag & vegetarian sabjis made of Brinjal, Banana stem, Jackfruit, etc. are elaborated. To be discussed in future thread.
8
It's amazing that recipes in Nala's Paka Darpanam dates back to pre 5561 BCE (See @NileshOak's scientific dating of Mahabharata). It is a stunning reminder of our cultural continuity & busts many myths about India's culinary ingredients & recipes coming from foreign cultures.
9
Nala’s Paka Darpanam in Sanskrit with English translation is available for sale by @iChaukhamba publishers at chaukhamba.co.in/index.php?rout…
Typo it should be @iChaukhambha

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More from @MumukshuSavitri

6 Dec
1
Maize is supposed to have been brought to India by the Portugese as a New world crop. But clearly distinctive stone carvings of maize are clearly visible in at least 3 Hoysala temples at Somnathpur, Halebid & Belur in Karnataka.
2
Authors Johannessen & Parker, published a research paper “Maize Ears Sculptured in 12th & 13th Century A.D. India as Indicators of Pre-Columbian Diffusion," in Economic Botany providing archaeological & literary evidence that Maize (corn) was present in India from 5th c. CE.
3
Their study revealed that Hoysala stone carvings of attendants to gods hold distinctly identifiable Maize ears with very specific Mudras. They analyzed grain size, number of rows, physical characteristics & shape compared to real specimens to identify the carvings as maize.
Read 12 tweets
3 Dec
1
It was “Saint” Francis Xavier who ordered the horrific Inquisition in Goa. He made the request to the King of Portugal on May 16, 1545 from Amboina (Moluccas). He asked for permission to begin the Inquisition & more preachers to carry out conversion activities.
2
The essential focus of the Inquisition was to punish those who were charged with heresy against Christianity. If they confessed, their punishment was not too harsh. If they refused to confess, they were tortured until officials heard a confession or the victim died.
3
The Manual of Regulations of the Inquisition was the original guide book for the Inquisitors of the Goa Tribunal to carry out the confession & torture . The Inquisition of Hindus & other Indians in Goa is documented to be far more cruel than what had happened in Europe.
Read 16 tweets
1 Dec
1
The city of Kashi epitomizes the unshakeable resilience & unity of Hindus. Devastated multiple times by Islamic invaders, it rose again every time to be rebuilt & renewed by Hindus from all over India, who ensured its perpetual rebirth & existence.
2
Hindu temples of Varanasi were devastated so many times, that almost no ancient temple site could escape modification. The 10th c. Kardameshwar temple of Siva, in Kandura village near BHU is the only temple in its original state dating from the pre-Muslim period.
3
The Islamic invasions began in In 1033 CE when Varanasi was plundered by Mahmud Ghazni’s son Nialtagin. By end of 11th c., Chandradeva, established the Gahadavala dynasty by regaining Kashi & built the Adi Keshava shrine with gold, valuables, 1000 cows & a village.
Read 24 tweets
30 Nov
The Persian Maasir-I-Alamgiri clearly describes Aurangzeb's order to destroy Mathura & Kashi temples in Jan-Feb, 1670. Aurangzeb ordered the mosque to be built on top of the destroyed Keshavanth Mandir in Mathura, one of the most magnificent temples in India.
Accomplishing this “seemingly impossible work showed “strength of the Emperor’s faith”. Aurangzeb celebrated by taking the broken Murtis & burying them under the steps of the mosque at Agra Fort, so that people would keep stepping on them and Hindus would be humiliated forever.
The great temple of Keshava Rai at Mathura was built by Bir Singh Deo Bundela during Jahangir’s time at a cost of 33 lakhs. The Dehra of Keshava Rai was one of the most magnificent temples ever built in India and enjoyed veneration of the Hindus throughout the land.
Read 4 tweets
22 Nov
1
During the Islamic invasions, there were countless, nameless Hindus who put their lives at stake to defend our temples & deities. In 1025 CE, the savage Mahmud Ghazni raided Gujarat, plundering the Somnath temple & devastating many sacred icons & temples.
2
The Tabakat-I-Nasiri by Minkaj-i-Siraj describes the earliest Islamic raids of Ghazni in detail including his attacks on Somnath. The book narrates a brief but fascinating account of a brave, unknown Hindu who played a role in the story.
3
Mahmud plundered immense booty worth 2 million dinars from Somnath & broke the Jyotirlinga into 4 pieces. The 1st piece to be buried under the masjid at Ghazni, the 2nd for the gateway of Mahmud’s palace & 3rd & 4th sent to Makkah and Madinah.
Read 11 tweets
8 Nov
1
It was not India but Europe which first invented the word “Casta” linking purity of blood & skin color to status in society. Hindus never had a word that meant caste. It's a racist term connoting white superiority as the measure of intelligence, civilization and morality.
2
"Casta" is an Iberian word meaning lineage. It is documented in Spanish since 1417. It is the root of the English word caste. It was historically used as a racial and social identifier where colonial Spanish & Portugese societies had a hierarchical race-based "caste system".
3
Originating from the Spanish concept of purity of blood called "Limpieza de sangre", during Christian conflict with Islam, Casta was used in Christian Spain to demarcate those of Jewish or Muslim heritage who were usually convicted by the Spanish inquisition for heresy.
Read 24 tweets

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