In cobwebbed corners of churches, are carved alms-boxes. Many, like this one at Watton, Norfolk, are inscribed, urging passers-by to ‘remember the poor’. For centuries, the collections in these oaken boxes were society’s main source of poor relief.

#BoxingDay #thread
Two of the earliest poor-boxes in English churches date from the mid-14th century and can be found on Holy Island, Northumberland. However, most surviving ones – many of which are still in use – date to the 17th century. 

2/
Boxing Day has been a tradition in the UK for centuries. Though it only officially got that name in the 1830s… and didn’t become a bank holiday until 1871. 26th December is the feast day of St Stephen – an early deacon who made it his duty to care for the poor.

3/
26th December was the day when the rich boxed up gifts for the poor of the parish. It was also a day off for servants, when they received a Christmas box from their employers. And they, in turn, would meet their families to exchange boxes.

4/
Churches played an important role in the Boxing Day tradition. Coins collected in the alms-box throughout the year were held in a box, which was opened on Christmas Day. The following day, Boxing Day, the money was taken from the box and distributed to the poor.

5/
From the late 19th century, many alms-boxes were repurposed as donation boxes for general church expenses – including building maintenance, flower funds and running costs.

6/6

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More from @friendschurches

27 Dec
There’s such a romance to brick: they're moulded to fit a human hand, light enough to be carried, and have a soft warmth of colour and texture. 
The Romans brought bricks to England, but when they left, they seemed to take brick-making with them.

#thread
Really, it wasn’t until the 15th century that brick came back into widespread use.

2/
Traditional bricks were made simply from clay or a clay and sand mix. For a good brick, you need two types of clay: a plastic clay and a sand-rich, non-plastic clay to off-set the tendency of the former to shrink and warp during firing.

3/
Read 11 tweets
14 Dec
Across the road from St Mary's, Fordham, in Norfolk, this old milestone tells us that it's just 2 miles in one direction to Downham Market, and 16 miles the opposite way to Ely (Fordham's diocese). It's a relic from a bygone age of navigation and a remnant of a once busy road.
The milestone was located on what was once part of the A10 or 'Great Cambridge Road' — connecting London to Kings Lynn — before that road was diverted, leaving Fordham stranded and neglected for decades, until we took it into our care.
Once upon a time, travellers depended on milestones and guidestones (known in Yorkshire as 'stoops') to help them navigate unfamiliar routes and estimate travel times.
Read 10 tweets
10 Dec
Hundreds of cars catch a glimpse of the white-washed chapel at Waddesdon every day as they whizz past.
Few stop.
If they did, they’d find an iron arc, a survivor from a time when the dead didn’t rest in peace. When fresh bodies had to be secured with mortsafes.

#thread
Mortsafes – complex metal cages of rods, plates and locks - began to appear around 1816, when grave-robbing was rife. This was a time of great advances in medicine and understanding of anatomy, but there was a limited supply of corpses to dissect and learn from. 

2/
Until this point, medical study was limited to the cadavers of executed criminals. The demand for bodies created an underground market. Under cover, resurrectionists (or resurrection men) dragged carcasses from their coffins and sold them to science.

3/
Read 6 tweets
9 Dec
On the bank of the river Ouse, close to its confluence with the Derwent, lies the village of Barmby on the Marsh. It seems remote, but was once bustling with millers, makers, traders, and boats transporting goods and people to nearby ports and across the North Sea to Europe.
A waterman could follow the snaking Ouse downriver for 9 miles to Goole — the most inland port in the UK.
At Goole, coal barges from south Yorkshire emerged from the 'Dutch River' — diverted by engineer Cornelius Vermuyden in the 1620s — and could be transferred to sea-going vessels.
Read 7 tweets
2 Dec
A Wellingtonia aka giant sequoia dominates the skyline at St Mary's church in Hardmead, Bucks. It's one of the oldest of its kind in the country. But how did it come to be there?

Put your feet up and enjoy a tall (but true) tale for #NationalTreeWeek ...
In the 1850s, California was in the grip of the Gold Rush. While thousands panned for gold, others made their fortune on plant discoveries. Cornishman William Lobb had brought Chile's monkey-puzzle tree to the UK (like this one here) and was looking for the next BIG thing …
The first European to document the giant sequoia was hunter Augustus Dowd, who stumbled into a grove of 96 huge trees at Calaveras Grove while pursuing a grizzly bear. Lobb heard his story in San Francisco and headed straight to the grove to collect seeds, cones and small trees.
Read 16 tweets
1 Dec
A recent tree survey of the churchyard at St Mary's, Hardmead reveals how this small, moated plot just northeast of Milton Keynes reflects the changing landscape of wild and cultivated Britain.
 
Herewith, a #thread for #NationalTreeWeek ...
After the last ice age, the warming climate made this land a welcoming home for yew, elder, holly, elm, and hawthorn. An Irish yew has joined its close cousin at Hardmead in more recent times, along with a Scottish pine.

2/

📸: Kristina D.C. Hoeppner
An ‘avenue’ of Sycamore grow along the path to the church — perhaps grown from saplings or seeds of much older sycamore trees at the rectory. We may think of the sycamore as a native species, but it only arrived on our island from central/eastern Europe in the Tudor period.

3/
Read 8 tweets

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