A new study shows Omicron infection ENHANCES neutralizing immunity against Delta, ESPECIALLY in those who are vaccinated, suggesting that Omicron will help push Delta out, as it should DECREASE likelihood that someone infected with Omicron will get re-infected with Delta. 🧵
Researchers enrolled both previously vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the Omicron infection wave in South Africa soon after symptom onset. They then measured their ability to neutralize both Omicron and Delta virus at enrollment versus
a median of 14 days after enrollment. Neutralization of Omicron INCREASED 14-fold over this time, showing a developing antibody response to the variant.
Importantly, there was an ENHANCEMENT of Delta virus neutralization, which INCREASED 4.4-fold. This increase in Delta variant neutralization in individuals infected with Omicron may result in decreased ability of Delta to re-infect those individuals.
NOTE: In contrast, Delta-elicited antibodies escape neutralization by Omicron. In addition, if you look at unvaccinated individuals in this study, with a detectable Ct value at admission, they have a relatively weak response against Delta following Omicron infection.
THIS is why it is important to make sure you are VACCINATED. Get protected. DON’T WALK AROUND IMMUNE NAIVE.
Along with emerging data indicating that Omicron, at this time in the pandemic, is less pathogenic than Delta, such an outcome may have positive implications in terms of decreasing the COVID-19 burden of severe disease and the disruption COVID-19 has caused may begin to subside.

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More from @sailorrooscout

30 Dec
Immunity is more than just neutralizing antibodies.

Why? Because MOST of your T-cell responses from vaccination or previous infection STILL recognize Omicron.

Let’s talk about that!🧵
Immunological memory consists of antibodies, memory B-cells, memory CD8+ T-cells, and memory CD4+ T-cells. These responses are what give us enduring protection even against newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. ImageImageImage
Immunological memory is probably the most important feature of immunity as it allows us to better respond when the threat is encountered a second time. Against SARS-CoV-2, it helps to determine protection against reinfection, disease risk, and vaccine efficacy.
Read 14 tweets
27 Dec
Rates of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Vaccination Status per the CDC:

Unvaccinated: 451 cases per 100k
Vaccinated: 134 cases per 100k
Boosted: 48 cases per 100k

Unvaccinated: 6.1 deaths per 100k
Vaccinated: 0.5 deaths per 100k
Boosted: 0.1 deaths per 100k
Source for information above can be found here:
covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tra…
Data posted on December 17th
Summary:
•People who were unvaccinated had a greater risk of testing positive for COVID-19 and a greater risk of dying from COVID-19 than people who were fully vaccinated
•Unvaccinated people in all age groups had higher case and death rates than fully vaccinated people
Read 5 tweets
26 Dec
Good morning! I hope everyone had a wonderful holiday yesterday. ☃️🎁🎄

Currently working on a thread that’s shows while Omicron is more transmissible than Delta, it is LESS fusogenic and LESS pathogenic than both Delta AND ancestral SARS-CoV-2 if it is of any interest.
A study out of the University of Tokyo shows while Omicron is more transmissible than Delta, it is LESS fusogenic and LESS pathogenic than both Delta and ancestral SARS-CoV-2. In addition, Omicron infection in the lung is significantly LOWER.

Let’s talk about that and more!🧵
Source for the information above can be found here:
drive.google.com/file/d/1rhCazF…
nature.com/articles/s4158…
For definitions and some general background reading I recommend:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33348900/
Read 12 tweets
24 Dec
Just a friendly reminder. If you test positive for SARS-COV-2 after being vaccinated and are experiencing mild symptoms or even no symptoms at all?

Congratulations.

Your vaccine worked.
The term infection refers to the virus entering and being detectable in your system regardless of whether OR NOT it makes you sick, whereas the term illness refers to the virus entering, being detectable in your system AND making you sick. It it important not to conflate the two.
The first thing to know about the COVID-19 vaccines is that they’re doing exactly what they were designed and authorized to do. Since the vaccines first started their rollout late last year, rates of COVID-19 disease have taken an unprecedented plunge among the immunized.
Read 5 tweets
23 Dec
Very encouraging news out of Scotland. A study from the University of Edinburgh using early national data suggests that Omicron is associated with a two-thirds REDUCTION in the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization when compared to Delta.

Let’s talk about that and more! 🧵
It is IMPORTANT to note severity of disease in humans is NOT determined only by virus replication but also by the host immune response to the infection. Make sure you are PROTECTED. Regarding sources for the information above:
research.ed.ac.uk/en/publication…
imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-inf…
Early data from Scotland indicates that there is a two-thirds REDUCTION in hospitalization of double vaccinated young adults, compared with the Delta variant. In addition, data from England signals that Omicron infection is associated with a 15 to 20% REDUCED risk in requiring
Read 14 tweets
22 Dec
Very encouraging data out of South Africa. A study released by NICD shows South Africans contracting COVID-19 in the current fourth wave of infections are 80% LESS likely to be hospitalized if infected with Omicron compared with other strains.

Let’s talk about this and more! 🧵
It is IMPORTANT to note severity of disease in humans is NOT determined only by virus replication but also by the host immune response to the infection. Make sure you are PROTECTED. Regarding sources for the information above:
bloomberg.com/news/articles/…
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Once admitted to the hospital though, the risk of severe disease doesn’t differ from other variants. Compared to Delta infections in South Africa between April and November, Omicron infections are associated with a 70% LOWER risk of severe disease.
Read 14 tweets

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