#AYIBOBO#AYITI - On this day in 1804, Emporer Jean Jacques Dessalines stood at the helm of a free Afrikan Republic in #Haiti & Declared it independent:
"It is not enough to have expelled the barbarians who have bloodied our land for two centuries; it is not enough to have...
restrained those ever-evolving factions that one after another mocked the specter of liberty that France dangled before you. We must, with one last act of national authority, forever assure the empire of liberty in the country of our birth; we must take any hope of re-enslaving..
us away from the inhuman government that for so long kept us in the most humiliating torpor. In the end we must live independent or die.
Independence or death... let these sacred words unite us and be the signal of battle and of our reunion."
These are words to imbibe and to live by, reminding ourselves that the mission is yet to be completed!
Today is the birthday of QUEEN MAMA AMY JACQUES EUPHEMIA GARVEY, activist, journalist, Secretary General & leading member of the UNIA-ACL and 2nd wife of Marcus Mosiah Garvey.
✊🏿❤️🖤💚
Upon joining the UNIA-ACL, Mama Amy took on the thankless task of...
Secretary General, ensuring that the administration of the organisation maintained impeccable standards.
With the founding of the Negro World Newspaper in 1918, she initiated and edited the "Our Women & What They Think" page, where African women from around the world found...
voice - contributing to the Nation Building efforts of the UNIA-ACL. A prolific writer in her own right, she penned many passionate editorials on the role of Black women in the Liberation fight as Activists as well family women. she compromised neither role in favour of the other
@guy_law@kzshabazz@Respec_ADOS@DOmowale There's more. Let's explore the history of "The Establishment" relationship with PA movements & thus reveal the Pan-European nature of US/Western Imperialism.
1. The US Government collaborated with the Belgian, French & British Governments to Assassinate Patrice Lumumba in 1961.
@guy_law@kzshabazz@Respec_ADOS@DOmowale 2. The USA Governent were the principal backers of the brutal Mobutu regime In Congo. When PA forces (e.g. The Rebellion lead by Piere Mulule) rose up, the US sent troops to crush the Rebellion; as well suppress PA orgs in the USA who declared solidarity with the ppl of Congo.
@guy_law@kzshabazz@Respec_ADOS@DOmowale 3. The CIA expended considerable resources spying on & trying to undo the work of Omowale Malcolm X while he was travelling through Afrika. They even attempted to posion him in Egypt. Numerous articles by now known FBI journalists plastered the media opposing his actions.
Trading Companies, Enslavement & The Colonial Process
The capitalist institution which came into most direct contact with African peasants was the colonial trading company: that is to say, a company specialising in moving goods to and from the colonies. The most notorious were
the French concerns, Compagnie Française d’Afrique Occidentale (CFAO) and Societé Commerciale Ouest Africaine (SCOA) and the British controlled United Africa Company (UAC). These were responsible for expatriating a great proportion of Africa’s wealth produced by peasant toil.
Several of the colonial trading companies already had African blood on their hands from participation in the slave trade. Thus, after French merchants in Bordeaux made fortunes from the European slave trade, they transferred that capital to the trade in groundnuts from Senegal...
The African working class produced a less spectacular surplus for export with regard to companies engaged in agriculture. Agricultural plantations were widespread in North, East and South Africa; and they also appeared in West Africa to a lesser extent. Their profits depended on
the incredibly low wages and harsh working conditions imposed on African agricultural labourers and on the fact that they invested very little capital in obtaining the land, which was robbed whole-sale from Africans by colonial powers and then sold to whites at nominal prices.
For instance, after the Kenya highlands had been declared ‘Crown Land’, the British handed over to Lord Delamere 100,000 acres of the best land at a cost of penny per acre. Lord Francis Scott purchased 350,000 acres, the East African Estates Ltd. got another 350,000 acres, and...
Profits from Mining Companies in the Colonial Process.
In the final analysis, the shareholders of the mining companies were the ones who benefited most of all. They remained in Europe and North America and collected fabulous dividends every year from the gold, diamonds,
manganese, uranium, etc. which were brought out of the South African sub-soil by African labour. For years, the capitalist press itself praised Southern Africa as an investment outlet returning super profits on capital invested. From the very beginning of the Scramble for Africa,
huge fortunes were made from gold and diamonds in Southern Africa by people like Cecil Rhodes. In the present century, both the investment and the outflow of surplus have increased. Investment was mainly concentrated in mining and finance where the profits were greatest.
Labour & Wage Disparities under European Colonialism cont...
Colonial governments discriminated against the employment of Africans in senior categories; and, whenever it happened that a white and a black filled the same post, the white man was sure to be paid considerably more.
This was true at all levels, ranging from civil service posts to mine workers. African salaried workers in the British colonies of Gold Coast and Nigeria were better off than their brothers in many other parts of the continent, but they were restricted to the ‘Junior staff’
level in the civil service. In the period before the last world war, European civil servants in the Gold Coast received an average of £40 per month, with quarters and other privileges. Africans got an average salary of £4. There were instances where one European in an