Today is the birthday of Queen Mama Amy Jacques Euphemia Garvey (31 December 1895 – 25 July 1973), activist, journalist, organiser, educator, author, leading member of the UNIA-ACL and 2nd wife of Marcus Mosiah Garvey. Queen Mama Amy is a stalwart, die hard freedom fighter and pioneer of the Universal Afrikan Nationalist Movement. She was key in the administrative development of the UNIA-ACL, the legacy of which we benefit from today with the research we do on the Garvey Movement.

Today is the Birthday of OSAGYEFO KWAME NKRUMAH!

ACHIEVEMENTS OF OSAGYEFO KWAME NKRUMAH & His Government (1957-1966)

• Instituted Free Education, from primary to tertiary (university), including text books and other resources. Made education compulsory up to secondary school. • Built hundreds of new Schools across Ghana (over 1 million new school places) incl; technical colleges; 47 teacher training colleges; 3 new Universities; mass adult literacy programme;

#Kimoyo #AfrikanSpirituality

African life is replete with ritual. It states interrelationships with other beings in the universe. Ritual sacrifice symbolises the principles of interdependence and reciprocity. It is through ritual that the unexplainable is "understood," that... chaos is made to be ordered within the logic of tradition. It through ritual that trauma is avoided, crises dealt with and overcome and difficult transitions are perceived as passages between stages of normal growth and development. Universally, in ritual the African combines...

Today is the birthday of IYALODE AKOSUA BOAHEMAA AMY ASHWOOD GARVEY

Born in Jamaica, on this day in 1897, Mama Amy was born to a family that held on to its oral history. From young, her Grandmother taught her that she was an Asante descendent, instilling a sense of... unshakable pride in her beautiful, dark skin grand daughter; A pride which served her well in a society infected with the virus of "light skin privilege".

In 1914, Mama Ashwood met Marcus Mosiah Garvey - apparently besting him in an elocution contest. They would go on, with...

#AYIBOBO #AYITI - On this day in 1804, Emporer Jean Jacques Dessalines stood at the helm of a free Afrikan Republic in #Haiti & Declared it independent:

"It is not enough to have expelled the barbarians who have bloodied our land for two centuries; it is not enough to have... restrained those ever-evolving factions that one after another mocked the specter of liberty that France dangled before you. We must, with one last act of national authority, forever assure the empire of liberty in the country of our birth; we must take any hope of re-enslaving..

Today is the birthday of QUEEN MAMA AMY JACQUES EUPHEMIA GARVEY, activist, journalist, Secretary General & leading member of the UNIA-ACL and 2nd wife of Marcus Mosiah Garvey.

✊🏿❤️🖤💚

Upon joining the UNIA-ACL, Mama Amy took on the thankless task of... Secretary General, ensuring that the administration of the organisation maintained impeccable standards.

With the founding of the Negro World Newspaper in 1918, she initiated and edited the "Our Women & What They Think" page, where African women from around the world found...

@guy_law @kzshabazz @Respec_ADOS @DOmowale There's more. Let's explore the history of "The Establishment" relationship with PA movements & thus reveal the Pan-European nature of US/Western Imperialism.

1. The US Government collaborated with the Belgian, French & British Governments to Assassinate Patrice Lumumba in 1961. @guy_law @kzshabazz @Respec_ADOS @DOmowale 2. The USA Governent were the principal backers of the brutal Mobutu regime In Congo. When PA forces (e.g. The Rebellion lead by Piere Mulule) rose up, the US sent troops to crush the Rebellion; as well suppress PA orgs in the USA who declared solidarity with the ppl of Congo.

Trading Companies, Enslavement & The Colonial Process

The capitalist institution which came into most direct contact with African peasants was the colonial trading company: that is to say, a company specialising in moving goods to and from the colonies. The most notorious were the French concerns, Compagnie Française d’Afrique Occidentale (CFAO) and Societé Commerciale Ouest Africaine (SCOA) and the British controlled United Africa Company (UAC). These were responsible for expatriating a great proportion of Africa’s wealth produced by peasant toil.

The African working class produced a less spectacular surplus for export with regard to companies engaged in agriculture. Agricultural plantations were widespread in North, East and South Africa; and they also appeared in West Africa to a lesser extent. Their profits depended on the incredibly low wages and harsh working conditions imposed on African agricultural labourers and on the fact that they invested very little capital in obtaining the land, which was robbed whole-sale from Africans by colonial powers and then sold to whites at nominal prices.

Profits from Mining Companies in the Colonial Process.

In the final analysis, the shareholders of the mining companies were the ones who benefited most of all. They remained in Europe and North America and collected fabulous dividends every year from the gold, diamonds, manganese, uranium, etc. which were brought out of the South African sub-soil by African labour. For years, the capitalist press itself praised Southern Africa as an investment outlet returning super profits on capital invested. From the very beginning of the Scramble for Africa,

Labour & Wage Disparities under European Colonialism cont...

Colonial governments discriminated against the employment of Africans in senior categories; and, whenever it happened that a white and a black filled the same post, the white man was sure to be paid considerably more. This was true at all levels, ranging from civil service posts to mine workers. African salaried workers in the British colonies of Gold Coast and Nigeria were better off than their brothers in many other parts of the continent, but they were restricted to the ‘Junior staff’

Man's first duty to himself is to discover himself. Who am I here? What is expected of me by my creator? Man in our world is a supreme being, and he owes no obligation to anybody or anything but the source that created him - a source that doesn't not interfere with him, but expects from him the acts of man - that source we call God. Outside of that source he has an absolute power that can not successfully be challenged. Yet so many of us, and particularly members of our race, fail to realise this great responsibility that goes with power.

The program, to be explained in a few words, is that of universal industrial, educational, religious, social, and political freedom. The stranger will ask, “Why should you want political freedom when Victoria of England gave it to you eighty-four years ago, and Lincoln of America, fifty-seven years ago?” I am tempted to answer for you, and to say that the present-day Negro does not believe in hypocrisy and camouflage. He believes in truth, in honesty, in justice. The freedom that Lincoln gave us means that half of the population of our race in...

The culmination of all the efforts of the U.N.I.A. must end in Negro independent nationalism on the continent of Africa. That is to say, everything must contribute toward the final objective of having a powerful nation for the Negro race. Negro nationalism is necessary. It is political power and control.

No race is free until it has a strong nation of its own; its own system of government and its own order of society. Never give up this idea. Let no one persuade you against it. It is the only protection for your generation and your race.

"One thing even Black Nationalist get into is what I call the Bourgeois Solution and Bourgeois Approaches. Where well fed people come to places like this and do an abstract intellectual run down of the problem without becoming actively and deeply involved in changing... in the solution. We Black Nationalist are great intellectual critics. Great and figuring out all the nuances of racial discrimination and all of that. But that is not gonna solve the problem. We have to move now beyond this stage.

And many of us are just caught up in to

#WordsOfTheProphet

The wonderful force of organization is today making itself felt in every branch of human effort. Whether in industry, society, politics or war it is the force of organization that tells; hence, I can advise no better step toward racial salvation than... organization among us.

We have been harassed, trampled upon, and made little of, because of our unfortunate condition of disorganization. The disorganization of our race for hundreds of years made us easy prey to those who sought profit out of human slavery, and with a similar

POWER #WordsOfTheProphet
Power is the only argument that satisfies man. Except the individual, the race or the nation has POWER that is exclusive; it means that that individual, race or nation will be bound by the will of the other who possesses this great qualification. It is the physical and pugilistic power of Harry Wills that makes white men afraid to fight him. It was the industrial and scientific power of the Teutonic race that kept it for years as dictator of the economic and scientific policies of Europe. It is the naval and political

#WordsOfTheProphet

This propaganda of disassociating Western Negroes from Africa is not a new one. For many years white propagandists have been printing tons of literature to impress scattered Ethiopia, especially that portion within their civilization, with the idea that Africa is a despised place, inhabited by savages, and cannibals, where no civilized human being should go, especially black civilized human beings. This propaganda is promulgated for the cause that is being realized today.

Money Acquisition vs System Building

We're suffering from the absence of an economic system. Money is not a system; money is what it is. A system involves the systematic and organised utilisation of money. Without the pattern, without the system, without the organisation one...

Excerpts from the UNIA-ACL petion to the Leauge of Nations, as penned by The Most Hon. Marcus Mosiah Garvey, 1928

8. While your petitioners are no longer in the mass chattel slaves, we beg to draw to your attention that the commercial, educational, industrial, political, ... religious and general economic bond age, which has since been substituted, had reduced us to a state bordering in semi-children of the one and same God who is the Father of all man kind and whom you taught us us, in your missionary zeal, to trust, even as you do.

Notes on Disparities of labour under the European Colonial System:

There were several reasons why the African worker was more crudely exploited than his European counterpart in the present century. Firstly, the alien colonial state had a monopoly of political power, after crushing all opposition by armed force. Secondly, the African working class was small, very dispersed, and very unstable owing to migratory practices. Thirdly, while capitalism was willing to exploit all workers everywhere, European capitalists in Africa had additional racial