Among the many reusages of paper in early modern Europe was certainly rereading letters. A short thread - using a 1780s painting from Marguerite Gérard - for those interested in #paperhistory and #bookhistory:
Step 1.
Let's start the look at rereading (and paper storing) practices of rich Europeans with details on the painting used. You see Marguerite Gérard's painting from c. 1785, nowadays in the Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen - Neue Pinakothek München, sammlung.pinakothek.de/de/artwork/ApL…
Step 2.
Important paper letters were stored in tiny boxes - for rereading aloud and silently, alone and in company.
Step 3.
The letter itself was folded for the transport, as you may know from @letterlocking. Distributing your paper letter within the early modern postal services from A (writer) to B (reader) was a business that included folding and sealing skills - and opening skills.
Step 4.
Rereading was an established and common paper practices in early modern Europe: the bible, catechism books, almanacs, journals, ABC school books, scientific books, etc. etc. Basically, it was as much rereading as reading new stuff like newspapers. Rereading ruled.
Step 5.
Bonus detail for the #paperhistory crew: the globe in the back was made of paper too.
In early modern Europe reading and writing letters was partly commercially motivated but often a private matter. Whatever the purpose, the paper transport relied always on postal and messenger services operating transregionally in Europe.
The history of early modern reading is also a history of rereading, a history of storing papers and ideas, a history of the material conditions of writing, reading, transporting and reusing papers. A newly accentuated #PaperHistory is connecting these fields.
Step 8. Goodbye
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How to hold a paper letter in early modern Europe? A thread.
How to hold a paper letter in early modern Europe? Like a ruler (here Philip IV of Spain in 1643), being informed and part of every communication network there is. Signal: I am easygoing and powerful.
How to hold a paper letter in early modern Europe? After work (here: Agostino Pallavicini in 1621), still dressed in business clothes, but after having finished the usual multitasking and decision making. Signal: I am overworked but happy.
Fancy a word of academic German today? #Schreibschulden - the texts you promised to send to someone but missed the deadlines, and apparently your growing overload of to do reviews, chapters and articles become part and argument of every academic conversation you have.
"Wie geht es Ihnen und den #Schreibschulden heute?" (Gehört auf einem deutschen Universitätsflur in einem Historischen Seminar).
"Ich kann leider keine Rezensionen mehr annehmen, meine #Schreibschulden verbieten es mir" (Höfliche und häufige Floskel in Emails).
That's an early modern street seller, selling broadsides and printed paper crowns for christmas.
Step 1 of #PaperCrownsForChristmas
The street seller is a detail of a painting from Joos de Momper the Younger, a Flemish painter active in Antwerp between the late 16th century and the early 17th century. So the paper crowns were likely sold in Antwerp or nearby.
Step 2 of #PaperCrownsForChristmas
Mobile sellers of paper products, like newspapers, broadsides, pamphlets etc., were a thing in early modern Europe. In fact, they were almost everywhere. And paper crowns were seasonal extras.
Step 3 of #PaperCrownsForChristmas
More information on the small print (an etching!) with the letter receiving or sending young woman can be found here: bavarikon.de/object/bav:UBE….
The purpose of paper letters being sent within the Early Modern European territories from A to B seems to be clear - it was about communication. However, we shall not forget that especially private letters were among the most read, and re-read, texts.
One way to sell news in early modern Europe: combine extraordinary topics that were published elsewhere before, and then republish them in a new pamphlet.
The selection and combination of three extraordinary topics was an easy task for an experienced publisher. To start with, you needed to buy and read other pamphlets or news prints of the time. Media echoes of interesting stoiries were omnipresent and easy to spot. Have a look:
The severe weather, with thunder, heavy rainings and lightning, was all over the German news in 1684. Even if you missed the news reports in newspapers, there were also extra pamphlets devoted to the topic available. Like this one:
There is a paper story included into this famous German painting of 1830s from Carl Spitzweg. You may know the common interpretation of the Poor Poet (German: Der arme Poet): Attention to the material misery of most artists and their work!
Let's start a #paperhistory thread. 1/x
The painting came in three versions and the one remaining copy is nowadays in the Neue Pinakothek (Munich: pinakothek.de/kunst/meisterw…). Let's focus on the paper used and present in this imagined scene of a poor poet in his attic room in the 1830s. 2/x
Easy to spot in the room are a few big bound books. They may be bound in leather but they are printed upon paper, very likely before 1800. These are used books, old books, second hand books. Nota bene: The German antiquarian book trade developed in these days, #bookhistory. 3/x