#Radix is at #CES, perfect time for an informational MEGATHREAD about @radixdlt! Radix is a sharded and #decentralized distributed ledger that is specifically built to serve DeFi. Rather than fixing #scalability by breaking #composability, Radix delivers both without compromises! 
Consensus layer: Cerberus.
After seven years of intense R&D and testing, the academic whitepaper of Radix’ Cerberus consensus protocol was published in 2020. Cerberus allows the Radix network to scale linearly with no upper limits!
After seven years of intense R&D and testing, the academic whitepaper of Radix’ Cerberus consensus protocol was published in 2020. Cerberus allows the Radix network to scale linearly with no upper limits!
On top of that, Cerberus also allows for atomic composability across shards! These are two features that are critical for DeFi. It's achieved through the unique 'braided' synchronization of consensus across shards and the ability for all transactions to be processed in parallel.
Application layer: Radix Engine & #Scrypto.
Inherent to Cerberus is the Radix Engine, which is designed to provide a safe DeFi environment that can scale massively. Assets and dApps are deployable using the self-manufactured programming language ‘Scrypto’.
Inherent to Cerberus is the Radix Engine, which is designed to provide a safe DeFi environment that can scale massively. Assets and dApps are deployable using the self-manufactured programming language ‘Scrypto’.
Scrypto is an asset-oriented language based on Rust that allows interaction not only with data (as typical programming), but also with assets. This provides the ease, safety, reusability and composability that DeFi needs to fulfil its world-changing potential.
Infinite linear #scalability.
Radix’ unique concept called ‘pre-sharding’ splits the ledger itself into a ‘shard space’ of 2^256 shards (practically infinite in size) – meaning Radix is sharded from the ground up, instead of the common practice of adding sharding to a ledger.
Radix’ unique concept called ‘pre-sharding’ splits the ledger itself into a ‘shard space’ of 2^256 shards (practically infinite in size) – meaning Radix is sharded from the ground up, instead of the common practice of adding sharding to a ledger.
At launch, the maximum of amount of shards will already exist: 18.4 quintillion shards, each able to process 2000 TPS, for a total hypothetical throughput of 36.8 sextillion TPS. This way, Radix is able to meet the scale a globally used network will eventually need.
To be truly scalable, a network must be able to process transactions independently, irrespective of anybody else’s transaction that is unrelated to yours. Radix facilitates this through parallelism.
Partial ordering.
However, in some scenarios it is needed that transactions can be ‘ordered’ (like A -> B -> C). When necessary for a specific combination of transactions, the Radix Engine instructs Cerberus to take advantage of ‘partial ordering’.
However, in some scenarios it is needed that transactions can be ‘ordered’ (like A -> B -> C). When necessary for a specific combination of transactions, the Radix Engine instructs Cerberus to take advantage of ‘partial ordering’.
The Radix Engine tells Cerberus which substates (a change to the ledger, which once committed, is final) are related and must be ordered, and which ones are not related and do not need to be ordered, and thus can be safely parallelized:
- If substates are unrelated, they can be processed in parallel across the shardspace;
- If substates are related, the Radix Engine instructs Cerberus they must be processed atomically in a single cross-shard round of consensus.
- If substates are related, the Radix Engine instructs Cerberus they must be processed atomically in a single cross-shard round of consensus.
Atomic Composability.
Thanks to partial ordering, Radix can offers both paralellism and atomic composability across shards. The latter is a critical aspect to DeFi as it empowers end-users to freely compose across any set of dApps.
Thanks to partial ordering, Radix can offers both paralellism and atomic composability across shards. The latter is a critical aspect to DeFi as it empowers end-users to freely compose across any set of dApps.
With atomic composability, anyone is able to build a service that, i.e., instantly provides the best exchange rate for a trade across multiple automated market makers. Another example: a flashloan, arbitragiong, taking profit and repaying the loan all in a single transaction.
Crucially, these complex transactions across apps all happen in a single “atomic” step. meaning that either the entire transaction across all apps is valid and resolved all at once, or the entire transaction safely fails. This prevents undesired financial exposure.
Radix Labs and #Cassandra.
Radix' R&D arm tests the technology ahead of production-level implementation. Meet Cassandra: a test network used to research, test and demonstrate implementations of a fully sharded Cerberus.
Radix' R&D arm tests the technology ahead of production-level implementation. Meet Cassandra: a test network used to research, test and demonstrate implementations of a fully sharded Cerberus.
The Cassandra network has demonstrated cross-shard atomic transactions, hosting and distribution of static websites and games on different shards and large quantity on-ledger data imports. In short, Radix Lab s showcases that Radix revolutionary technology works and is achievable
Developer Royalties System.
To incentivize and reward development activity, Radix introduced the Developer Royalties System. The amount of royalty payments are set by devs themselves, paid automatically on-ledger (decentralized), and are designed to benefit network effects.
To incentivize and reward development activity, Radix introduced the Developer Royalties System. The amount of royalty payments are set by devs themselves, paid automatically on-ledger (decentralized), and are designed to benefit network effects.
Devs can set the royalty for each of the different ways a Component can be used once it’s added to the Component Catalog (the on-ledger repository for the DeFi 'Lego Bricks'). Possible use-cases are: direct instance use, referred instance use, catalog use, and imported use.
Delegated Proof-of-Stake.
Holders are incentivized to delegate their tokens to a validator node to earn a reward (network emission). The nodes store a copy of the whole transaction and also proof that a ~67% majority of vote weight approved the transaction across every shard.
Holders are incentivized to delegate their tokens to a validator node to earn a reward (network emission). The nodes store a copy of the whole transaction and also proof that a ~67% majority of vote weight approved the transaction across every shard.
A validator node’s voting power is weighted proportional to the total amount of stake locked to it. Naturally, this makes it very expensive and kamikaze-like to perform a Sybil attack as it requires the attacker to own 33% of the total stake of the victim network.
Roadmap.
The Alexandria update, that introduced Scrypto, went live in December 2021. This year Babylon is scheduled to release, which will bring smart assets (contracts) to mainnet!
The Alexandria update, that introduced Scrypto, went live in December 2021. This year Babylon is scheduled to release, which will bring smart assets (contracts) to mainnet!
Want to learn more about Radix? Here's some links to get started:
- learn.radixdlt.com
- radixdlt.com/post/cerberus-…
Or come ask your questions at our welcoming community:
- t.me/radix_dlt
- discord.gg/radixdlt
- learn.radixdlt.com
- radixdlt.com/post/cerberus-…
Or come ask your questions at our welcoming community:
- t.me/radix_dlt
- discord.gg/radixdlt
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