In some respects, what happened in bond markets last week was epic, something we might be talking about for many years.
A thread to explain
2/14
When discussing bond market moves, I believe the best metric is total return. It encompasses both price change and the level of yields (accrued interest).
The next set of charts show calendar week total returns. That is, the week ending Friday (Thursday if a holiday).
3/14
The 30-year data goes back to 1973 and last week was the worst calendar week total return in at least 49-year history! The long-bond lost 9.35%!!
If this was a year, a 9.35% total return loss would be the 5-year worst year ever.
Impressive for five days of work.
4/14
The 10-year note finished it worst week in 42 years, with a total return loss of 4.24%.
Only Feb 1980 saw a bigger loss for a calendar week loss (Volcker inflation panic, funds rate headed to 21%)
-4.24% would also be the fifth worst YEAR ever.
5/14
Finally,
The calendar week total return for the Bloomberg 10+ TIPS Index was -6.09%.
This marks the third worst week ever.
6/14
Note above each one of the other marked weeks were significant.
* 6/21/13, -5.12% = The height of the taper tantrum
* 10/10/08, -7.13% = Lehman failed.
7/14
Why was last week so epic?
I believe the whole bond market finally realized that easy money is over/QT is coming.
For weeks many bond players argued this table was wrong, the Fed would go less than 4 hikes/no QT. Not after last week's FOMC minutes.
8/14
What about TIPS and narrowing break evens?
As the right chart shows, the Fed took over this market. They now own 25% of this market, up from less than 10% pre-pandemic.
The left chart shows the Fed has bought more TIPS than the Treasury issued the last two years!!
9/14
TIPS are no longer a market signal about inflation expectations, the Fed ruined this with its big footprint.
TIPS are flow driven and flows are dominated by expectations of the speed of the Fed printer.
10/14
So, 3 or 4 hikes coming? QT coming? The most vulnerable market to the Fed printer gets killed. TIPS yields soar and BE's fall.
Again, not a signal about inflation. A signal about a loss of Fed liquidity coming.
11/14
Simply put, the bond market saw one of its worst weeks in history because bond market players finally "got it" that the Fed is going to end liquidity.
This kicked off a big the scramble to get out and not be the "bond bag holder" when the Fed printer is turned off.
12/14
This naturally begs the question, what about the stock market? The S&P was down -1.9%, hardly an epic week. What is going on here?
Hate to say it, but the stock market is NOT a leading indicator among FINANCIAL MARKETS.
13/14
Or the stock mkt the "slow kid" as it turns last.
2002 it bottomed AFTER the recession ended (Nov 2001) for the first time in 100 years
2007 it peaked after housing/bond market peaked in 2006
2009 stocks bottomed after the bond market in credit bottomed in late 2008.
14/14
So, if the bond market is having epic convulsions in the wake Fed printer getting turned off, do not take solace that the stock market "doesn't get it."
This is how financial markets turn, the stock market often stays too long and turns last.
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The repost below expresses a common belief that risk assets are effective inflation hedges.
History suggests they are not.
This chart shows that the inflation of the 1960s and 1970s wiped out 64% of the after-inflation stock gains by 1982 (meaning inflation beat stocks by 64%). And all inflation-adjusted gains of the previous 27+ years (back to 1954) were gone (meaning inflation beat stocks over the previous 27 years).
It took until 1992, 28 years later, for stocks to finally start beating cumulative inflation since 1966.
2/3
Too many vastly underestimate the devastating impact of inflation.
Since the 2021 peak, when the Fed called inflation"transitory," stocks have only beaten inflation by just 15% (with dividends).
So a 10% to 12% correct and a little bit more inflation and four years of relative purchasing power is gone (meaning you are no better off than four years ago).
3/3
As I argue here, the crypto crowd also forgets inflation when they make their long-term forecasts.
🧵on yields and yield curve
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The 30-year yield made a new 2024 close high yesterday.
Now, the highest yield since November 2023.
2/6
The 10-year yield is just eight basis points away from a new 2024 high.
Two trading days left this year.
3/6
The 2-year funds spread is the narrowest since March 2023 (bottom panel).
The massive reversal to negative in March 2023 was driven by the string of bank failures highlighted by Silicon Valley Bank. These failures were driven by fear of unrealized bond losses. So, while the Fed subsequently hiked three more times through July 2023, this spread inverting signaled the "end is near" for the rate-hiking cycle.
Now, at just -5 bps, this spread is the narrowest it has been in ~20 months and close to signaling "the end is near," if not already done, on the rate-cutting cycle.
TLT is the iShares 20-Treasury ETF, one of today's largest and most influential bond ETFs.
I've been arguing that the bond market rise in yields as the Fed cutting rates has been a rejection of the easing cycle. The bond market is saying the Fed has the wrong policy.
Monetary easing is not necessary given the strength of the US economy (See Atlanta Fed GDPnow) and the coming "Trump Stimulus. Fed easing is raising inflation expectations and driving yields higher.
Here is a chart of TLT's price (black) and cumulative flows (red).
From the day the Fed started hiking (March 16, 2022) to the November 7, 2024, FOMC meeting (labeled), cumulative inflows were steady, totaling over $55 billion.
A reasonable interpretation is that bond investors agreed with the Fed's policy from March 2022 to November 2024, even if it was hiking, as it was fighting inflation.
However, since the Fed cut again in November, bond investors have reversed and fled the bond market. Almost $10 billion has left TLT.
2/3
The bottom panel is a rolling 30-day flow into TLT. The last 30 days have seen a cumulative outflow of $8.69B, easily the largest 30-day outflow in TLT's history.
Again, this outflow started with the November 7 Fed cut, which I interpret as the market screaming "no" at the Fed about its move.
3/3
The chart below shows TLT's volume since 2023. The blue bars label the six highest-volume days in TLT's history. No volume day was over 80 million before 2023.
Thursday, December 19, was the record volume day at 99 million. This was the day after the Fed cut. The previous record was November 6, the day before the Fed cut on November 7.
The market is focused on the Fed meeting, not payroll or CPI days. Investors believe the Fed is making a mistake by cutting rates when it is not needed.