The star maps are works of art in themselves & are among the most elegant treasures bequeathed to us by astronomers of the past
The constellations give us a very real link with the most ancient civilizations
It is a heritage we share whenever we look at the night sky
ARATUS OF SOLI was a Greek poet from Macedonia in the early C3rd B.C. His only surviving work is the Phaenomena, a book describing the constellations and weather signs.
A celestial map by the Dutch cartographer Frederik de Wit, 1670
12. Charting the Chinese Sky
"Additional to 255 star groups & predating them were 28 ancient divisions of the ecliptic known as xiu or mansions, listed in the table. These were markers for following the nightly progress of the Moon orbiting the Earth"
"The Chinese sky was divided into five great regions or palaces called gong 宫. These were equated with the directions north, south, east and west and also with a middle region"
A more complete representation of the Chinese sky than the Dunhuang manuscript is provided by this circular chart from Suzhou, formerly known in the west as Soochow
1. What appears wasteful research to you in the present may be of great value to you or others in the future, if it is given the time to develop to its logical end.
Don’t judge the usefulness of your findings too quickly!
2. What appears wasteful or a dead end to you..
May be of immense value to somebody else!
Don’t judge the usefulness:
1. Of other people’s findings based only on your own assessment of them.
2. Of your own findings based only on your own current assessment of them either.
3. What appears wasteful and a dead end to you..
A. May be the raw stuff that new hypotheses and new research directions are born from.
B. Don’t judge the usefulness of your "investigations" until you have given them enough time to surprise you.
-Deliberate release of bioweapon
-Accidental release of bioweapon in development
-Lab accident during genetic engineering
-Lab accident during cell culture
-Lab accident during vaccine development
-Accidental infection that no one knew about
2⃣ WCDC
• Lab worker infected during field animal sampling
• Accident during experimental work
• Accident from exposure to infected waste
• Accident during move to new location
• WCDC gave bat samples to the WIV
3⃣ Virus engineering
•Engineered from RaTG13
•Engineered from pool of bat viruses (Laos)
•Engineered from secret database of bat viruses
•Engineered at UNC & shipped to the WIV
•Engineered hybrid of bat & pangolin viruses🐵
•Synthetic infectious clone engineered in vitro
They use a dataset skewed toward Yunnan & Laos (p. 16), leading to phylogeographic models that place SARS-CoV ancestors far from Wuhan & Guangdong (p. 12).
This sampling bias undermines the reliability of their geographic inferences.
23. Neglecting Alternative Hypotheses
No SARS-CoV-like viruses near emergence sites?
They completely overlook non-bat reservoirs, like civets or pangolins, which could explain local circulation (p. 15).
This omission weakens their claim of distant ancestor origins (p. 12).
24. Inconsistent Molecular Clock Rates
The paper misuses variable NRR-specific clock rates, which give inconsistent SARS-CoV ancestor dates (e.g., 1944–2014 for SARS-CoV-2, p. 9).
Without any validation of bat-specific rates, this approach has no rational grounding (p. 14).