1880's German immigrants brought a type of pork sausages, Frankfurter Würstchen, named for Frankfurt (hence 'franks') or, if mix pork/ beef, a Vienna (Wiener) Würstchen (hence "weiner").
But how did they come to be the hot dogs we know?
It was widely believed that disreputable street-corner sellers made them from stray dogs. Thomas Edison even made a 19024short film called "Dog Factory" showing dogs being shoved into a machine, and sausages coming out the other side. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm…
So, a hot dog was a derogatory reference to meat contents, probably aimed at insulting the vendor... that stuck. See cartoon, if you can make it out.
So where did the bun come from? Multiple versions of story, but I'll share some.
There's a story of German American immigrant Feuchtwanger who sold sausages from his cart, and loaned each customer a glove to protect hand from hot meat.
His losses from unreturned gloves prompted wife to suggest just handing out bread slices instead.
The idea stuck, grew.
Another version of the story centers on Coney Island, where the carts had small coal fires to heat bread and sausages, served separately, or together in an order.
Customers provided the innovation of combining them into an easy to carry dish while strolling the boardwalk.
There are a thousands variations of the hot dog (which is a sandwich, obviously), but honorable mention goes to Finland for developing the pølse i vaffel "hot dog in a waffle" that I am now dying to try to replicate:
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Let's talk about the Ben Franklin effect:
A person who does a favor for someone else is more likely to do another favor than if they had received a favor in the initial exchange.
(thread)
It's named for a line in Ben Franklin's autobiography:
"He that has once done you a kindness will be more ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged."
There's a story about Ben Franklin and a rival legislator, where Ben won him over by requesting to borrow a rare book, returning it promptly with an effusive thank you note. Afterwards, they developed a deep friendship, and the rival became indebted to support Franklin.
I need to vent: 1. You don't need a vaccine card to go to the grocery store or "freely move about society".
2. We require licenses, proof of insurance, registration, inspection stickers, business licenses, event permits, visitor passes, etc. for any manner of venues.
3. We've required shot records for schools, some hospital wards, and we restrict visitors, enforce quarantines for international visitors, migrants and goods from other countries going back to Ellis Island.
Public health has always existed in dynamic tension with personal freedoms & the only reason that tension persists is that pandemic disease requires collective action to combat.
No-one likes it, but we do it because of what it can accomplish in the long run.
About 120 million years ago in what would become North Texas, a herd of sauropod dinosaurs, adults with their young, wandered along a coastal river delta, leaving footprints in the wet lime sediments.
At a later time, a group of theropods or carnosaurs followed the same path.
Silts and clay filtered in and filled the tracks, hardening into two layers of limestone & shale sediments. The Paluxy River unearthed the preserved trackways about 1 million years ago.
The area is now Dinosaur Valley State Park, one of the best preserved trackways from the Cretaceous. You'll need to wade out to see some of the tracks in the Paluxy, some as big across as 3 ft (1 m).
I have a theory about the sculpture of Michelangelo I want to share. Many of his sculptures interpose various characters or aspects of a story.
Example: His statue of David depicts a shepherd boy, a haughty king, and a giant all rolled into one. The whole story in 1 figure.
Look at the scale of David: he's enormous.
Look at the expression in the eyes. Is he a youth (11-13) or a mature man? Is he smirking or humble?
Do you get a sense of pending combat, or repose?
'La Pieta' is another great example. Look at Mary's face. Is she ~65 years old? Or a new mother cradling a baby she knows is destined for death on the cross?
Is she holding a 200 lb man, or a baby in her lap, based solely on her body position?
"Magicians are the most honest people in the world; they tell you they're gonna fool you, and then they do it."
- James "The Amazing" Randi
James Randi has always appeared to me that he was born old, but here he is in his prime as an escape artist and illusionist.
Born in 1928, he literally ran away to the circus as a teenager, and began performing escape acts like this one, suspended above a city street (date and location unknown to me).