Here’s how we’ll optimize & scale securely as we grow
1️⃣ Block size increase📈
The bigger the block, the more transactions it can carry. We recently increased block size by 12.5%; we’ll apply further increases over time based on ongoing system monitoring and network health.
2️⃣ Pipelining
Improves block propagation times by coalescing validation & propagation. The goal is for blocks to be propagated to at least 95% of peers within five seconds by reducing the ‘dead time’ between blocks.
3️⃣Input Endorsers
Input endorsers improve block propagation times and throughput by allowing transactions to be separated into pre-constructed blocks. This improves the consistency of block propagation times and allows higher transaction rates.💪
🖥️ More efficient memory usage across the chain. Specifically, memory improvements in Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) handling, stake distribution, live stake distribution and pools, and hash representation.
5️⃣ Plutus script enhancements
Even more effective usage of the powerful eUTXO model through smart contract optimization, including reference inputs, #Plutus Datums & script sharing.
6️⃣ Node enhancements
Improvements will help even distribution of stake and reward computations across the epochs, thus providing greater headroom for block size increases.
7️⃣ On-disk storage 💿
By storing portions of the protocol state on disk, nodes will need to hold less in memory.So RAM-constrained systems will be able to run nodes provided they have sufficient storage, and memory will no longer be a bottleneck on scalability.
8️⃣ Sidechains ⛓️
EVM sidechains will add capacity; projects coming to Cardano include dcSpark’s Milkomeda and IOG’s Mamba.
9️⃣Hydra
Introduces isomorphic state channels to maximize throughput, minimize latency, incur low to no costs & reduce storage requirements. Hydra provides a more efficient means to process transactions off-chain while using the main-chain ledger as the secure settlement layer.
🔟Off-chain computing
Offloading some of the computation, for example with Asynchronous Contract Execution (ACE) can drive greater core network efficiency. Transactions occur outside the blockchain itself, yet can offer fast, cheap transactions via a trust model.
1️⃣1️⃣ Mithril
Mithril will improve chain synchronization while maintaining trust. The result? Multi-signature aggregation that is fast and efficient without compromising security features.
Scaling #Cardano is a process. Early in this process, we do anticipate periods of intense demand, with network congestion at peak times. We’re early on an exciting journey & usage will be high.
At times we’ll all feel we want to move quicker. But secure, incremental improvements & building for the long term remains paramount. Remember: slow & steady wins the race 🏁.
Security, decentralization and steady, careful scalability. It's all in the plan. Always has been.
Today, we’re delighted to share with you the first two videos in a series which will highlight some of the work of IO’s research division and dive deeper into some of its key papers. 🧵
1/ In this video, Giorgos Panagiotakos, a research fellow at Input Output, delves into scaling throughput and specifically Ouroboros Leios, a new member of the Ouroboros protocol family that achieves near-optimal throughput.
Traditional #blockchain protocols use a leader-based approach for block proposals, but this often results in suboptimal throughput.
Panagiotakos highlights the importance of high throughput for reducing congestion and enabling the efficient operation of layer 2 applications.
Watch now:
2/ The Ouroboros Leios paper is also available for you to read here:
A future video will help outline how fundamental research informs IO’s work and feeds into its prototyping and development work, so stay tuned for that in the near future.iohk.io/en/research/li…
The weekly #Cardano development update is now live.
Check out the key highlights from this week and get the latest on development progress in core technology, wallets and services, smart contracts, scaling and governance.👇 iohk.link/4amLUkk
🔬 CORE TECHNOLOGY: The consensus team worked on cross-era consensus improvements, UTXO-HD functionality, and integrated changes across consensus, ledger, and networking components in preparation for node v.8.10 release.
💳 WALLETS & SERVICES: Lace v.1.9 is here, bringing multi-wallet and multi-account capabilities to @lace_io. Experience unparalleled flexibility and control over your digital assets. Dive into all the details in the latest blog post. iohk.link/49u8Psy
Every Friday, we publish our weekly #Cardano development update. So for the lowdown on what IOG's dev team has been working on last week, head on over and take a look👇 essentialcardano.io/development-up…
🔬 CORE TECHNOLOGY: The networking team improved stability and performance, updated software, and prepared for releases. The consensus team progressed on Genesis design and improved BlockFetch logic while the DB Sync team optimized UTXO query speed and rewards performance.
💳 WALLETS & SERVICES: The team updated vulnerable libraries in #Daedalus and worked on improving the Lace desktop application. The Adrestia team worked on community feedback about Lace and are preparing for the first big cardano-js-sdk and @lace_io update.
1/ #Cardano native tokens are a game-changer for the #blockchain world, enabling innovative use cases and offering unique benefits. Let’s explore the top benefits of Cardano’s native token functionality 🧵. twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
2/ First, here’s a brief refresher on what native tokens are:
3/ Here are some key terms associated with native tokens:
Native: token logic runs directly on Cardano ledger, rather than using smart contracts
Token: the representation of an asset stored on the Cardano blockchain
Check this week’s highlights and get the latest on core technology, wallets and services, smart contracts, and scaling and governance developments. essentialcardano.io/development-up…
Here are the development highlights from this week:
🔬 CORE TECHNOLOGY: The networking team released Dynamic P2P networking to mainnet, the ledger team expanded APIs & worked on governance features, and the consensus team worked on UTXO-HD refactoring, testing & VRF improvements
💳 WALLETS & SERVICES: The Daedalus team improved the starting screen and work is ongoing on Lace desktop development. The Adrestia team extended the multi-signature feature, extracted the transaction balancing library, and optimized cardano-services.
The age of Voltaire is all about governance, fully unlocking the #CardanoCommunity's contributions to create a self-sustaining system.
CIP-1694 is a #Cardano Improvement Proposal, named after the birth year of the French enlightenment thinker. 🧵 1/6
It’s a key component of #Cardano's next generation of governance, now being designed and community co-created to deliver the on-chain mechanisms which will further empower democratic decision making across the ecosystem. 2/6 github.com/cardano-founda…
IOG, the @Cardano_CF & @emurgo_io recently co-hosted a workshop in Colorado to capture input and take full advantage of the #CardanoCommunity’s incredible hive mind 🧠 3/6