Kids regurgitate without realising the knowledge they have been taught may be incomplete.
Or that new knowledge is created all the time.
Complacency and conceit sets in when kids believe they know everything there is to know about a subject.
Grappling with uncertainty can spark curiosity and better prepare kids for the real world.
Answers are seldom clear cut or permanent.
“We’re much more certain about facts than we should be.” - Jamie Holmes
Learning in an environment where ambiguity is welcome can be difficult for both adults and kids.
Here are some strategies to help kids become comfortable with ambiguity.
1. Let kids know confusion is part of the learning process.
Acknowledge their emotional response and encourage them to view ambiguity as a learning opportunity.
2. Assign projects that will flummox kids.
The best assignments should make students make mistakes, be confused and feel uncertain.
Help kids get used to projects where they can make mistakes, but where there are also multiple ways of accomplishing the goals.
3. Instruct with a sense of humanity, curiosity and humility.
Don't teach like a sage imparting wisdom.
Let kids know you're learning all the time as well.
Question everything.
4. Show how the process of discovery is often messy and non-linear.
“Groping and probing and poking, and some bumbling and bungling, and then a switch is discovered, often by accident, and the light is lit.” - Stuart Firestein
- seeing both sides of an issue
- being open to new evidence that disconfirms your ideas
- reasoning dispassionately
- demanding that claims be backed by evidence
- deducing and inferring conclusions from available facts
- solving problems
Students cannot think about something from multiple perspectives if they don't know much about it.
The processes of thinking are intertwined with the content of thought (that is, domain knowledge).
You can't teach critical thinking devoid of content.
New educator roles will be invented in order to create learner-centered ecosystems.
Possible new roles for the catch all term 'teacher'.
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1/ Learning Pathway Designer
Curator of learning journeys.
Works with students, parents, and learning journey mentors to
- set learning goals
- track students’ progress and pacing
- model activities that support learning experiences aligned with competencies
2/ Competency Tracker
Codifies the value of learning experiences by adding “learning nutrient labels” like subject matter, core concept, level, and standard.
This information helps learners design learning pathways and customised “school” experiences.
Princeton economist William J. Baumol famously questioned the concept of improving productivity for a Beethoven string quartet.
Drop the second violin?
Ask the musicians to play twice as fast?
Let's explore what happens when we turn this analysis to education.
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1/ The number of musicians needed to play a Beethoven string quartet hasn’t changed in centuries, yet today’s musicians make more than Beethoven-era wages.
Baumol argued that the quartet needed to raise wages to keep its cellist from going into a better-paying job instead.
2/ Stated in terms of the musicians - their number and their work as performers - Baumol is right that increasing productivity is impossible.
What if we thought instead about the listeners and their experience?