#JanuAIRWAY Day 22. Airway Obstruction – Infraglottic (intrathoracic). Again, presents its own set of challenges. Let’s dive in … Here's a #OnePager (Ft. expert contribution Sadie Khwaja @ENT_UK )
#JanuAIRWAY 1/7
Issues:
- Upper/Mid lesions usually low risk – ETT may pass beyond
- Low tracheal/Bronchial lesions = high risk, best managed in specialist centres
- CT scan = essential
- Sudden obstruction can occur at ANY time
- Potential compression of heart/vessels
#JanuAIRWAY 2/7
Severe Obstruction:
- Check position patient breaths best in
- Spont vent may help, IPPV may cause airway collapse
- Opinion re: IV vs inhalational = mixed
- Ketamine ?preserves chest wall tone
- Need back up plan
- Consider Heliox/bypass/ECMO before starting
#JanuAIRWAY 3/7
Potential rescue manoeuvres:
In an emergency – consider passing an ETT tube & then placing a jet catheter (e.g. Cook or Aintree) beyond obstruction.
Alternatively, an extra-long ETT can be created by cutting reinforced ETT & inserting into the free end of another
#JanuAIRWAY 4/7
Options:
- ATI/AFOI – view level of obstruction & try to pass ETT beyond before induction
- Rigid bronchoscope
- Jet vent.
- Cardiopulmonary bypass as ‘standby’ technique is often impractical - if you think you need it, need to be in a cardiothoracic theatre
#JanuAIRWAY 5/7
Hope that helps. Tomorrow we'll look at Malacias; SVC Obstruction; and Bleeding & Airways. See you then! #JanuAIRWAY 7/7

*Disclaimer: Inclusion of content (equipment, techniques and scoring systems etc.) in #JanuAIRWAY does not constitute DAS endorsement

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More from @dastrainees

Jan 24
#JanuAIRWAY Day 24 -Paediatric Airways. (ft. expert contributions from Alistair Baxter and @ENT_UK’s Adam Donne). Let’s dive in … Here's some #OnePagers covering anatomy, induction, airway manoeuvres and basic airway equipment.
#JanuAIRWAY 1/10 ImageImageImageImage
Top tip from Alistair Baxter: Remember that a Macintosh blade is a hyperangulated blade in an infant and requires an intubation stylet shaped to match the curve of the blade
#JanuAIRWAY 2/10
The difficult paediatric airway = #SCARY. Upper airway obstruction in children – broad range of presentations, three important diagnoses; Croup, Epiglottitis and Inhaled Foreign Body. Here’s some #OnePagers.
#JanuAIRWAY 3/10 ImageImage
Read 10 tweets
Jan 23
#JanuAIRWAY Day 23 (the final stretch!). Malacias and SVC Obstruction. Here's a pair of #OnePagers to get started..
#JanuAIRWAY 1/10 ImageImage
What are malacias? = rare dynamic airway obstruction - (congenital / acquired) due to loss of cartilaginous support
Decreased intratracheal pressure + increased intrathoracic pressure lead to airway compression
Severity is proportional to expiratory force
#JanuAIRWAY 2/10
Issues
Obstruction can occur even if aymptomatic
Maintain spont. Vent. if poss
Emergency management =+ve pressure (splint airways open) or bypass obstruction
Surgery depends on location / extent
Extubate deep (avoid coughing) or directly to CPAP
#JanuAIRWAY 3/10
Read 10 tweets
Jan 21
And just like that we’re 3 weeks into #JanuAIRWAY. Here’s your week 3 round up!

Day 15 – Tracheostomies

Day 16 – CICO Needle Techniques

Day 17 – CICO Scalpel Techniques


#JanuAIRWAY 1/4
Day 21 – The Obstructed Airway: Infraglottic Extrathoracic

Week 4 starts tomorrow continuing the theme of obstructed airways with Infraglottic Intrathoracic Obstruction. See you then!

#JanuAIRWAY 3/4
Read 4 tweets
Jan 21
#JanuAIRWAY Day 21. Airway Obstruction – Infraglottic (extrathoracic). Presents a unique set of challenges. Let’s dive in … Here's a #OnePager
#JanuAIRWAY 1/6
Physiology
- Theory=fixed lesion unaffected by respiratory cycle / anaesthesia induction (most have dynamic element)
- Extrathoracic lesions usually better in expiration +ve pressure splints airway open
- Lets’ revisit flow-volume loops as they can be helpful
#JanuAIRWAY 2/6
Issues:
- Laryngoscopy likely to be uneffected. However, major concern = inability to pass ETT atraumatically beyond the level of obstruction
- Nasendoscopy can be useful to view lesion
- AFOI/FOI may cause ‘cork in bottle’ effect depending on lesion size/location
#JanuAIRWAY 3/6
Read 6 tweets
Jan 20
#JanuAIRWAY Day 20. Airway Obstruction – Periglottic. Often the most challenging for the general anaesthetist. Let’s dive in … Here's a #OnePager
#JanuAIRWAY 1/6 Image
Issues:
- Must d/w with ENT colleagues
- Preop nasendoscopy by experienced nasendoscopist = essential
- AFOI may worsen obstruction – cork in bottle
- Inhalational induction may be difficult

Key Q's
- Static or dynamic obstruction?
- Will ETT pass?
#JanuAIRWAY 2/6
Options:
- May be able to pass ETT – consider MLT or jet vent.
- Apnoeic (HFNO) or intermittent oxygenation technique depending on type of surgery (elective/emergent)
- Awake Tracheal Intubation
- Transtracheal catheter (+/- jet ventilation)
- Awake tracheostomy
#JanuAIRWAY 3/6
Read 6 tweets
Jan 19
#JanuAIRWAY Day 19. The Obstructed Airway – Think SPIMS
-Supra-
-Peri-
-Infra-glottic – extra/intrathoracic
-Malacias
-SVC Obstruction
Today we’re going to focus on Supraglottic Airway Obstruction. Here's a #OnePager to get started! #FOAMed
#JanuAIRWAY1/7 Image
Possible issues:
-Risk of total obstruction with low tone
-Distorted anatomy
-NP/OP airway too short?
-+++jaw thrust may/may not relieve obstruction
-Difficult BVM/laryngoscopy
-+++ laryngoscopy may make manageable unmanageable (e.g.bleeding)
#FOAMed
#JanuAIRWAY 2/7
Planning in airway obstruction = Key. NASENDOSCOPY can save lives here! ASSESSMENT informs STRATEGY. Let’s revisit some #OnePagers on key questions and airway planning. Remember the decision-making process is multifactorial (maintain situational awareness).
#JanuAIRWAY 3/7 ImageImageImage
Read 7 tweets

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