Frauds collapse mostly because the scale of lies (promises of returns, chiefly, but then checkable metadata about operations) compounds on itself more rapidly than anything should compound in most legitimate businesses, eventually hitting a checkpoint that can not be bullshit.
Frequently that is a liquidity crisis; less frequently it is intervention by a partner or government.
“Checkable metadata about operations?”
Legitimate businesses do something in the physical world, and facts about those operations leak into the physical world and are checkable. You have e.g. suppliers who have orders corresponding to your inputs which were paid for and shipped.
Frauds allege that they are doing something in the physical world to produce the eye popping returns, but they cannot tell a consistent story about that thing, because simulating the physical world at a high level of fidelity is really, really hard.
Also, frauds by nature are promising some sort of hyper growth which would have outsized impacts in the physical world, but they are incapable of producing those outsized impacts, and therefore the gap will be very apparent if you know where to look.
An example of this: Tether’s claim to be backed by tens of billions of dollars of commercial paper was self-evidently absurd, and very quickly checkable by people who actually worked in what is generally called commercial paper. They called around and nobody knew Tether.
Another example: Mt. Gox alleged that they were DOSing the wire department at the second largest bank in Japan and that was why they had difficulty sending people the money they owed.
That claim was treated at face value by a lot of people, who did not really believe that the second largest bank in Japan exists in the physical world and has people working at it with names, addresses, and willingness to answer straightforward questions about daily wire volumes.
(I am still annoyed at the financial media for this one.)
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This is one of those facts that make one go “Huh”, and suggests there might be fewer physical dollars in the hands of people who have long-term positive views on Bitcoin than there are widely believed to be, or that those dollars are somehow not available.
“Is he subtweeting tether?” I mean dollars are dollars and they’re all fungible. I’m referring to longs in their entirety.
Markets can have weird discounts for a long time for structural reasons! But they generally close.
A favorite anecdote of mine: way back in the day, McDonalds spin out Chipotle and retained (then sold) a B share class which was equivalent to As but had more voting rights.
If you haven’t ever had the experience of hiring your first person in a new state it is *so unbelievably bad* that it results in companies keeping lists of states that they can hire in, states that they could hire in given a superstar, and states where absolutely not no way.
As an example, VaccinateCA, a relatively tiny non-profit, had almost everyone in California but with two very effective people in two other states.
I spent about as much time on regulatory compliance for them as I spent on hiring our first 10 employees combined.
A thing I've been expecting to come to the U.S. en masse in coming years is niche banks. An example I have previously used is "There should be a bank for Beyonce fans."
You know what *obviously* must exist? A bank that speaks Spanish. Launched today:
When I heard @TrevMcKendrick was building this I offered to invest on the spot, and am now a tiny angel (or is that ángel) in it.
Heavily informed by my experience of being an immigrant dealing with a banking system, which longtime readers know doesn't quiiiiiite get me.
Most U.S. banks don't quiiiiiite get many millions of Americans. They can't easily open an account for someone without a SSN. They think that international money movement is an obscure need for retail customers.
It’s always interesting seeing U.S. companies try to import bento culture (variety in lunches through a choice of a large number of pre made SKUs) and Japanese companies trying to import a culture/business model of per-order customization.
This is one of those “Hidden facts about infrastructure percolating up into the experience of everyday life” anecdotes, by the way.
A huge amount of what people like about Japanese food culture is actually something they like on market organization for food prep labor.
Bento work at e.g. convenience stores because there is a value chain connecting commissaries (commercial kitchens) with huge standing daily demand for bento boxes at widespread locations close to end user.
Commissaries do prep, ingredient sourcing, and collaborative menu design.
There’s a really interesting UX in PayPay that they trialed recently to get people to increase engagement.
It’s similar to a lootbox, except themed for a non-gamer audience using a familiar device in Japan. (くじ, analogous to a raffle lottery if you’re familiar with those.)
You were awarded tickets for various actions during a qualification period. Receive money from someone, 2.0 tickets. Open campaign page and click a button, 1 ticket (offered daily, presumably to get people to anticipate the later redemption period and get over toothbrush test).
Then after qualification period you had 2 weeks to redeem tickets, in a very lootbox/gotcha adjacent animated experience where you could e.g. redeem 10 at a time.
Value in expectation per ticket appears to be a bit higher than 1 JPY.
An underrated skill in basically every field is knowing how to structure a Google query such that you get actually responsive information.
Somebody had a query about conforming mortgages that they were having difficulty conclusively Googling and I, a talented amateur on this topic, resolved it in two seconds because I know the right answer is "fannie mae sellers guide $TOPIC"
There's a related skill, much beloved of Dangerous Professionals, in knowing how to navigate the constellation of sites/providers/etc relevant to a particular topic.
e.g. You can put character points into getting good at irs.gov