Good MORNING Criminology fans, I'm here in MY A123 office, excited to get started talking about the #MeasurementOfCrime, it feels like "Old Home" week!
Many have argued that this theory was not only flawed, but has had a significant racist impact, much of which the system has not be able to correct even to this day
American criminal law scholar Jerome Hall has developed the theory that a human event, in order to qualify as a crime, must meet the following seven basic requirements
Before any human behavior can qualify as an act, there must be a conscious interaction between mind and body, a physical movement that results from the determination or effort of the actor. #CRJ105#MoraineValley
The Legality Requirement:
If one wants a person to adhere to a standard, the person has to know what that standard is. #CRJ105#MoraineValley
The Harm Requirement:
Every crime has been designated as illegal to prevent something bad, a given harm, from happening #CRJ105#MoraineValley
THINKING CHALLENGE: Can you think of an illegal act that does not result in harm to the actors ... or society?
Each of these defenses simply negates the existence of one (or more) of the elements of the offense charged:
~Insanity defense
~Defense of Infancy
~Defense of mistake of fact
~The legality requirement
~Duress
~Necessity
~Self-defense
~Defense of property
Lawyers and criminologists have searched for a system of grouping the many types of crimes into coherent, rational categories, for ease of understanding, of learning, and of finding them in the law books
Without ordering these measurements in some purposeful way, without a theory, a systematic set of principles that explain how two or more phenomena are related, scientists would be limited in their ability to make predictions from the data they collect #CRJ105#MoraineValley
To test a given theory, researchers might begin with the hypothesis.
Next they would collect facts, observations, and other pertinent information... called data
Depending on what questions they are asking, criminologists collect their data in a variety of ways: through:
~ survey research,
~ experiments,
~ observation,
~ and case studies
All police cars, marked and unmarked, have a tag identifying them as law enforcement, such as they have “L” as the final letter of their license plates.
A popular meme claims 23-year-old Rachel Hoffman was murdered by drug dealers after she was pressured to turn informant over a small possession charge.
To estimate the nature and extent of crime in the United States, researchers rely primarily on the Uniform Crime Reports, data compiled by the police; on the National Crime Victimization Survey, which measures crime through reports by victims; and on various self-report surveys
THINKING CHALLENGE: Would you admit your own criminal behavior in an anonymous survey?
Behind each crime is a criminal or several criminals. Criminals can be differentiated by age, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic level, and other criteria.
Longitudinal studies of a particular group of people over time should enable researchers to uncover the factors that distinguish criminals from noncriminals and those that differentiate criminals in regard to the number and kinds of offenses they commit.
Researchers agree on the importance of age and gender as factors related to crime, but they disagree strongly about whether social class is related to crime
Poverty is the largest driving force behind the "Pipeline to Prison" crisis, exacerbated by race. More than 2,200 children are born uninsured every day. And about 800,000 pregnant women are uninsured
Studies have shown that children who do not get the early intervention, permanence, and stability they need are more likely to act out and fail in school because they lack the skills necessary to succeed
Children in the most economically depressed communities are at high risk of low achievement and attainment and are often stuck in under-funded, overcrowded schools
Four in ten of the children who are abused or neglected get no help at all after their initial investigation. More than 800,000 children are in foster care each year, about 513,000 on a single day
One-size-fits-all zero tolerance school discipline policies are transforming schools into a major point of entry into the juvenile justice system as children are increasingly arrested on school grounds for subjectively and loosely defined behaviors
Statistics on race and crime show that while African Americans constitute 13.2 percent of the population, they account for over 38 percent of all arrests for Index crimes. Other statistics confirm their disproportionate representation in the criminal justice system
"The bill has come due for the unpaid debts the United States owes its Black residents", says Dr. Phillip Atiba Goff, @DrPhilGoff, CEO of the Center for Policing Equity (CPE):
Before we get started with Unit 02, I wanted to check in how the course is progressing for you so far. Now that we've got one unit under our belt, how is online learning treating you?
Good MORNING Criminology fans, I'm here in the home office, excited to get started talking about the #MeasurementOfCrime, who else is feeling the return to work after the long weekend?