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Prof. Michelle Furlow's Criminal Justice Courses

Feb 1 • 59 tweets • 45 min read

Good morning Criminal Justice fans. I'll be online at 11:15am for Juvenile Delinquency.

Let's start off with a THINKING CHALLENGE to introduce us to the lives of adolescents today:

What type of violence is the largest percentage of teens exposed to?

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley

Good morning, friends! Who has their snow shovel ready? In the meantime, let's delve into the history of juvenile justice.

#CRJ107 #HistoryOfJJS #MoraineValley

Today we are going to start to take a look at the definitions of delinquency & a brief history of Juvenile Justice in the United States

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THINKING CHALLENGE: Of the components necessary for an adolescent to reach adulthood, which do you feel is the most important?

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THINKING CHALLENGE: In your opinion, of the following, which do you believe is the most influential in getting today's youth ready for adulthood?

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THINKING CHALLENGE: How many adolescents in the United States, today, are at high-risk of engaging in multiple problem behaviors?

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Now the REAL question, how many of you are a fan of history?

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Let's Play A History Game!

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Let's challenge our knowledge of history to see whether viewpoints regarding the treatment of adolescents and juvenile offenders are contemporary or from the past.

"Juveniles should be treated as small adults"

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #HistoryofJJS

Let's challenge our knowledge of history to see whether viewpoints regarding the treatment of adolescents and juvenile offenders are contemporary or from the past.

"Adolescence is preparation for adulthood"

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #HistoryofJJS

Let's challenge our knowledge of history to see whether viewpoints regarding the treatment of adolescents and juvenile offenders are contemporary or from the past.

"Expected to get a job outside the home"

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #HistoryofJJS

Let's challenge our knowledge of history to see whether viewpoints regarding the treatment of adolescents and juvenile offenders are contemporary or from the past.

"Employment takes place after school, often for extra money"

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #HistoryofJJS

Let's challenge our knowledge of history to see whether viewpoints regarding the treatment of adolescents and juvenile offenders are contemporary or from the past.

"Health classes should consist of Abstinence-Only sexuality education"

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #HistoryofJJS

Let's challenge our knowledge of history to see whether viewpoints regarding the treatment of adolescents and juvenile offenders are contemporary or from the past.

"Compulsory education & emphasis on college-readiness"

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #HistoryofJJS

Let's challenge our knowledge of history to see whether viewpoints regarding the treatment of adolescents and juvenile offenders are contemporary or from the past.

"Children are punished like adults"

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #HistoryofJJS

Let's challenge our knowledge of history to see whether viewpoints regarding the treatment of adolescents and juvenile offenders are contemporary or from the past.

"First-time offenders are protected by the State"

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #HistoryofJJS

So let's take a journey back in time to see how much has changed and how much has come full circle in our treatment of juveniles in society

#CRJ107 #MoraineValley #HistoryofJJS

Before the 20th century, juveniles were essentially chattel, or property, in the eyes of society and the courts around the world.

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #HistoryofJJS

Juveniles could be bought, sold, and treated like any other property, with the owner being the person in total control

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THINKING CHALLENGE: Why would a family "buy" children to add to their household?

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A system of orphanages, workhouses, training schools, and apprenticeships developed in England in the 1600s to deal with unwanted, abandoned, and orphaned children.

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@MVCCLibrary

THINKING CHALLENGE: What is your favorite classic read about orphan life? @MVCCLibrary

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In 16th- and 17th-century, the Puritans believed that through hard work and intense prayer a person became closer to God. These ideas were reflected in early American penal institutions as well as in the earliest juvenile institutions.

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The Walnut Street Jail was the first jail that separated inmates and sought to reform their behavior rather than just punishing them, women and children were separated from adult male inmates

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The Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia, PA was the first real attempt to segregate and classify offenders based on such characteristics as age and gender

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Houses of refuge were created in New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts and were designed to take in all children who were neglected, abused, or delinquent

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The idea that the state could incarcerate juveniles based on their status as delinquent, dependent, or neglected was fundamental to the houses of refuge.

The concepts of parens patriae and in loco parentis served as the legal foundation

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Following the legal acceptance of #ParensPatriae in the Ex Parte Crouse case, a multitude of new facilities designed specifically for juveniles began to spring up around the nation.

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@MVCCLibrary

Reading Recommendation Found @MVCCLibrary
: Based on a comparison of two 'sister' orphanages in Pittsburgh: the all-white United Presbyterian Orphan's Home and the all-black Home for Colored Children

encore.morainevalley.edu/iii/encore/rec

THINKING CHALLENGE: If the parents are unable or unwilling to care for their children, is the State then responsible?

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THINKING CHALLENGE: Can you think of a law today in which the State intervenes on the best interest of children?

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The child savers were a group of progressive reformers who, in the late 1800s and early 1900s, were responsible for the creation of the juvenile justice system in the United States.

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #HistoryofJJS

@MVCCLibrary

Recommended Reading Found @MVCCLibrary
: A rehabilitative agenda took hold of American juvenile justice, materializing as a citizen-and-state-building project and mirroring the unequal racial politics of American democracy itself

encore.morainevalley.edu/iii/encore/rec…

Jane Addams was on the frontline of the settlement house movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Later internationally respected for the peace activism that ultimately won her a Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

womenshistory.org/education-reso…

#MoraineValley #CRJ107 #HistoryofJJS

Julia Lathrop was an advocate for the mentally ill, immigrants, equal rights for women, social reform, and child welfare

socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/federal/lathro…

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The members of this group primarily consisted of prominent women who convinced key politicians of the utility for a separate system of juvenile justice

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THINKING CHALLENGE: Was the Child Saver movement a benevolent attempt to incorporate middle class values onto lower class children or a racist condemnation of varying ethnic parenting habits?

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There remains question to the overall benefit of the child savers movement, as an underlying belief was that exposing children to middle class values was a key component.

#MoraineValley #CRJ107

@MVCCLibrary

Reading Recommendation Found @MVCCLibrary
: Orphan Trains

encore.morainevalley.edu/iii/encore/rec…

At the turn of the century, the US was in the midst of changing viewpoints of adolescence. Children deserved protection, no longer seen as solely "mini" adults

#MoraineValley #CRJ107

The first official separate juvenile court was established in Cook County, Illinois, in 1899

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The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 specifically outlined the types of cases the court had jurisdiction over and separated the juvenile justice system from the adult criminal justice system

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Anthony Platt's study, a chronicle of the child-saving movement and the juvenile court, examines the movement as a punitive, romantic, and intrusive effort to control the lives of lower-class urban adolescents and to maintain their dependent status

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Professor Robert M. Worley provides an introductory discussion of Anthony Platt's book, The Child Savers. The child saving movement, according to Platt, was also a symbolic movement to defend the sanctity of institutions

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In a series of decisions beginning in the 1960s, the U. S. Supreme Court required juvenile courts to become more formal like the criminal courts

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THINKING CHALLENGE: Today, do you think the Juvenile Justice System is

- too tough -
- too lenient -
- just right -

on offenders? #MoraineValley #CRJ107

THINKING CHALLENGE: Should juveniles be waived to adult court?

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THINKING CHALLENGE: In your assessment, what should be the primary goal of the Juvenile Justice System?

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Policymakers and politicians see the need for punishment including mandatory waivers to adult court, greater discretion by prosecutors in their decisions on informal fact-findings, and greater use of detention.

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THINKING CHALLENGE: In your assessment, what topics in delinquency have the biggest impact on youth today?

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Of modern interesting in juvenile crime, what aspects are most worrisome to the American public?

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This fear remains high despite falling juvenile crime rates over the past ten years.

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