Nearing the last of the #F12022 regs to cover: Brakes.
Its really only the discs and ducts that have new rules, altho everything else will have to change to suit; pedal, master cylinder, caliper, brake by wire system.
- None of the brakes are spec parts #F1
The discs have grown from 280mm dia to 320mm, but still 32mm thick. Despite being larger they do not fill the 18" wheels. The cooling holes must 3mm dia, so less holes can be made.
Larger discs run cooler and will produce more torque.
But, the cars are heavier & faster on the straights.
So, its arguable if there'll be any noticable change in braking performance
Teams cool the brakes with a scoop and drum set up. Up until last year some of the brake heat was directed out of the duct to warm the front tyres, the rest exiting out through the wheel
In 22 the disc is well away from the wheel, also the drum is larger. This is because all braking air in & out must exit via the inside of the wheel. Hot air out must go through the rear facing side of the scoop. This will reduce heat transfer into the wheel & is far less tunable
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Last but not least for #F12022 reg changes, Aero.
From front to rear things to look out for on the new cars:
Nose shapes are quite free, slim versions are possible, as does the way the tip merges with the front wing with either a short or full length nose. #F1
Layouts will be an early factor in design. With wheelbase capped at 3.6m
Front axle position must be ahead of the pedals
Tunnel inlet is tied to the cockpit position
Tunnel exit tied to the rear axle line.
Thus, the layout could vary. 1) push the front axle rearwards to make for longer tunnels, but his places the front tyre wake close to the tunnel/sidepod inlet. 2) push the front axle forwards to keep dirty air away from shorter tunnels.
Continuing our dig into the #F12022 rules: Wheels.
Going to 18" wheels is just the tip of the changes. There will now be one spec wheel supplied by @bbs_motorsport to all teams.
Made from magnesium alloy, the single supply means teams can't play with knurled or ribbed details. Which limits heat transfer between brakes and tyres.
In addition to the wheel, there'll be the aero wheel cover, bolted to the wheel. Teams can't play with the shape and must run it at all times. Hot air from the brakes passes out the inside of the rim, so having no opening isnt a problem. Altho aiming a wheel gun into it might be.
More 2022 #F1 regulations: Power Units.
There aren't huge changes to the power unit rules. F1 will continue to run +1000hp 1.6 litre turbo hybrid engines. These will be the last generation of the post-2014 units and will race thru till 2025, when new PUs come in for 2026.
#F1 PUs are made up from seperate components, that sub assemblies to be allow upgraded or replaced individually.
As part of the budget cap, teams pay a maximum of $15m for a seasons supplyof PUs.
Currently the PU manufacturers are not capped in their spending
Each PU component can be upgraded once in 2022.
Thereafter this will be the PU raced until 2026.
Homologation dates are different for each component, either March or September. Inc fuel & oil
After that changes can only be made FIA approval for reliability, cost or safety reasons
Next up in looking at the detail of the #F1 2022 regs: the gearbox.
To date the reg dimensions of the gear cluster and outer cases has been limited. Just minimum gear width 12mm, weight 600g and material (steel).
Gearbox case lengths were in excess of 800mm, the cluster c180mm
Most teams run a cassette gearbox, a self contained case sits inside the carbon outer carrier case
Inside 8 fwd gears +reverse, are driven from the clutch, then through the cross shaft to the diff. Selector forks operate alternating gear pairs for seamless gear selection
In 2022 the diff is tied to the rear axle line within 60mm & at 250-60mm high.
The cluster must be a min 175mm & 415-450mm from the diff. The gearbox mustweigh 22kg
This pushed the gearbox rearwards and prevent extremely short or light cluster designs.
Let's have a closer look at the 2022 #F1 regs on a bit more detail.
First off: suspension. The regs detail the outboard & inboard suspension.
Outboard the suspension must pass into the bigger wheels & must not change ride height +2mm. This bans the exposed pivots & pushrod mounts
The change in the sloped chassis will affect suspension.
Up until 2021 the taper from nose to cockpit, could slope up to 625mm high. This created space for the inboard pushrod suspension.
For 22 the taper must be linear, creating no space, this will lower the inboard suspension
The option of pushrod or pullrod geometry opens up.
Having a lower inboard set up, flattens the effective geometry of the wishbone/pushrod. The pushrod must be inside the wheel & no lower 40mm below the axle.
So, it may be better to have a pullrod.
Odd Q on reddit made me look into steering wheel electronics.
Most teams have had a maximum of 9 rotary switches on front of the wheel. I thought this was a limitation of the internal hardware.
But Ferrari have 12!
All the buttons, paddles and switches connect to a spec interface unit, that aggregates and joins them via canbus to the ECU.
This is what limits the number of controls. With 18 buttons and 11 rotary switches, plus a pair of extra controls.
The 18 buttons are on both the front of the wheel plus the paddles on the back. The gearshift paddles can have redundant switches in case of failure
The 11 rotary switches are the multi position controls, but are also used for the two clutch paddles. Hence 9 are left on the front