The earliest English & Welsh burial records go back to 1538, when Henry VIII made it law that parishes keep registers of baptisms, marriages and burials.
But a few records and medieval memorials survive to give us clues about people who were laid to rest in earlier times. #thread
The earliest record of a burial at St Beuno's, Penmorfa, is found in The History of the Gwydir Family, written by Sir John Wynn of Gwydir Castle in Caernarvonshire (1553-1626). The book, which was a big hit in 17thC North Wales, aimed to show that Sir John had royal ancestry.
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Sir John wrote that in abt 1450, Ivan Ap Meredith Ap Howell (constable of Criccieth) had joint command of Caernarfon but "dying at Caernarvon, his body was brought by sea (for the passages by land were shut by Owen Glyndwr's forces), to Penmorva, his parish church, to be buried."
However, as late as 1870, a stone marking an even older burial could be seen in St Beuno's. It was inscribed with the year 1322, and locals believed it to be the burial place of the owner of Rhiwaedog, an ancient estate in the Penllyn forest, about 30 miles from Penmorfa.
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There were many legends associated with Rhiwaedog. One such legend tells of an egg-sized crystal which was passed from generation to generation and is said to have had the power to foretell the death of the head of the household when its brilliant colour became clouded.
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Unfortunately, what became of the 14th century gravestone at St Beuno's after 1870 is a mystery.
But here's Penmorfa churchyard in Gwynedd today, glimpsed from the Lychgate.
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⭐️ Bonus tweet: The earliest dated version of The History of the Gwydir Family has been digitised by @nlwales. A gold star to anyone who can find the page mentioning Penmorfa ... ⭐️
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Red and yellow and pink and green ... most children can tell you that rainbows contain seven colours, and many of us use 'ROYGBIV' to remember them. But people haven't always seen rainbows this way.
Rubens' 'The Rainbow Landscape' of 1636 was painted just three decades before major new scientific theories about colour and light emerged. The rainbow lights up surrounding clouds with highlights of lemony yellow and blue.
In 1664, Robert Boyle conducted experiments with prisms, and in the 'artificial rain-bow' he produced, he observed five colours: Red, Yellow, Green, Blew and Purple. ...
The church at Skeffling was built from glacial clutter and recycled masonry in the 1400s. It sits in Holderness. A landscape of mudflats and salt-marshes washed into existence by the North Sea.
Here ‘leaves unnoticed thicken, hidden weeds flower, neglected waters quicken’.
Those are the words of poet, Philip Larkin. Larkin explored this area after he moved to Hull in 1955 to take up the position of librarian at the Brynmor Jones Library at the University of Hull. He lived there and held that job for thirty years, until his death in 1985.
Of Hull, he wrote "I never thought about Hull until I was here. Having got here, it suits me in many ways. It is a little on the edge of things, I think even its natives would say that. I rather like being on the edge of things.”
If there were more than 20 sheep in the flock, he could note the first 20 when he reached Figgit by putting a pebble in his pocket, and then starting the sequence from Yan again.
(info from 'Alex's Adventures in Numberland' by Alex Bellos)
In about 1300, five massive oak legs were pushed into the soil at Boveney to raise a belltower out of the clay tile roof of the 12th-century church. Inside, in the 1800s fielded panelling was installed, hiding those hardworking legs.
Perfect as that panelling looked, it obscured the most important timbers. Noticing that the bellcote was somewhat slumped, our architect removed some panels, and we found the legs were rotten. Boveney church was *almost* without a leg to stand on.
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Many things contributed to the decay-the high water-table of the river-bank church, deathwatch beetle, fruiting bodies… The panelling concealed this until it was almost too late. The words, ‘catastrophic collapse’, were used. Panic set in. The £60,000 repair bill quadrupled.
Between 1666 and 1680, the English parliament sought to protect the wool trade, by requiring the dead to be buried in nothing but a shroud of English sheep's wool. Plague victims and the destitute were the only exceptions.
The 'Burying in Woollen Acts' required an Affidavit within 8 days of burial, proving before a JP that the law had been complied with. Those who didn't comply were fined £5, half of which went to the poor. This blog has some terrific examples of affidavits:buff.ly/3YkB33B
Many wealthy families preferred to simply pay the fine and bury their loved ones in clothing or shrouds of finer materials, such as linen.
St Patrick was ripped from his home as a teenager. After six years as a slave in the west of Ireland, he trekked the breadth of the island to get home to Britain. He would become the patron saint of Ireland, yet at the end of his life, he felt he had failed.
Patrick lived in the 5th century. Upon leaving Ireland in his early 20s, he devoted his life to Christ. He returned to Ireland after hearing Vox Hiberionacum – the voice of the Irish – in a dream.
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He became the patron saint of Ireland in the 7th century when the embellishment of St Patrick’s story began. Some of the biographers got quite creative, attributing all manner of miracles to the man – from snakes to sprouting staffs.