1/ It would be easy to put a #CorsiRosenthalBox in a 3 m3 chamber with 0.05 ACH, inject particles, switch the system on, and show a dramatic downward trajectory of particle concentrations to effective 0 ug/m3 in 10s of seconds. But we do not do that, for it would be deceiving.
2/ Instead, studies are being done in actual classrooms, home environments, etc., and showing remarkable effectiveness at reducing aerosol concentrations. Further, experiments are being done to determine highly-relevant metrics like clean air delivery rate (CADR).
3/ Data indicate CADR of 400 to 800 cfm depending on fan and fan speed. These results can then be translated to estimate benefits in actual building spaces.
4/ At upper end (CADR = 800 cfm) this translates to an equivalent aerosol particle concentration reduction of between 25 to 30 ACH (air changes per hour) in a 2-person dorm room or small bedroom in home. As context, isolation rooms in hospitals are designed for at least 12 ACH.
5/ For 700 to 800 square foot classrooms a #CorsiRosenthalBox with CADR = 800 cfm translates to 7 to 8 ACH. When added to typical ventilation rates I have observed in classrooms, this leads to a combined ACH of 10 to 11/hr (getting close to hospital isolation room range).
6/ That some school districts are resisting these benefits is mind boggling, disappointing, and frustrating. I am inspired by the many who are finding ways of getting the #CorsiRosenthalBox into schools. Kudos to you.
7/ A fairly easy calculation of capital costs for materials, replacement filters once during school year, & recurring energy costs indicates a CR box serving 25 students & teacher in the same space costs less than $3 per student each yr (one tall Caffe Latte per student per yr).
8/ The actual cost would be even less per student if more than 25 students are in the classroom. Compare that with the average cost of educating ONE student in the US ($13K per year).
9/ The #CorsiRosenthalBox, even with replacement filters & energy costs, dramatically reduces the inhalation dose of students to virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles (and other particles form wildfire smoke, allergens, etc) at 0.02% of the cost of educating the student.
10/ Don't be looking for rocket science here, folks. There is none. This is a simple, inexpensive, highly effective approach based on sound engineering principles and testing. Just do it!
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1/ Inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles w/ at least one infector in shared indoor space (two contrasting scenarios).
Everyone wearing a (mediocre vs. high-quality) mask vs. nobody wearing a mask.
2/ Everyone wearing a mask serves to reduce emissions, lower concentration in air, and reduce inhalation by receptor. Nobody wearing a mask leads to neither benefit.
3/ Let's assume mediocre cloth masks (or poorly fitted better masks) yield 50% reduction at source and receptor vs. 95% for high quality masks with good fit & compare to no masks at all (lifting the mask mandate and forgetting about sources amongst the population).
1/ A single filter on fan can work, particularly in smaller spaces than a #CorsiRosenthalBox. Here are some concerns w/ a single filter that are not pointed out in a recent paper, & that led to the design of the box approach.
2/ Added resistance on the fan motor.
This was one of my primary concerns initially. This leads to lower air flow + potential for motor burnout.
3/ The filter has to be changed more often than filters when operated w/ four or five in parallel. The issue here is whether people replace the filter frequently enough. If not, the resistance on the fan can become even greater and air flow and overall CADR decrease even more.
1/ COVID-19 is an airborne infectious disease. Lowering inhaled dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles is critical for lowering probability of infection and adverse outcomes. So, what are we doing @UCDavisCOE?
2/ We have invested in 60 very good right-sized HEPA air cleaners placed in communal spaces throughout the college, materials to build 50 #corsirosenthalbox es for teaching labs and other spaces, & over 5,000 N95 masks for those who don't already have some.
3/ We are also encouraging outdoor meetings whenever possible (I enjoy seeing group meetings in the Kemper Hall courtyard!)
1/ Tweets comparing the #corsironsenthalbox and portable HEPA filtration, including my own. I want to be clear that this is NOT a competition. The whole idea behind a CR box was to provide a viable and effective option for those without the resources to purchase a HEPA system.
2/ In fact, both will absolutely lower respiratory aerosol particles that convey the Omicron variant or other infectious agents. Both will reduce your inhalation dose to these agents, and that reduces your probability of infection and possible adverse outcomes.
3/ The CR box has the advantage of being much less expensive and highly effective if constructed well, and also a cool project and learning exercise for many. It has the disadvantage of being homemade (quality of construction varies) w/ possible leakage if kicked, etc.
1/ In case anyone wants to see data that show how effective the #corsirosenthalbox is for a home office and a classroom at roughly 1/4 the price of HEPA #1 (which is a good system). Submitted (in peer-review) paper by Team @CappaSnappa@UCDavisCOE.
2/ By application of results, range of equivalent ACH in a typical 2-person dorm room = 20 to 27 (low to high setting). For comparison, hospital isolation rooms typically designed for > 12 ACH.
Range for a 700 ft2 classroom w/ 9 ft ceiling = 5.7 to 7.6 ACH (low to high setting).
3/ Don't let anyone tell you that we cannot DRAMATICALLY lower inhalation dose of virus-laden aerosol particles w/o huge cost, particularly in spaces w/o elevated ventilation or non-universal high quality mask usage. No rocket science, folks. Just do it!
1/ Since start of the pandemic there's been one obvious and absolute truth. COVID-19 is an airborne infectious disease. As such, to reduce chance of infection and community spread we must significantly reduce the amount of virus-laden aerosol particles that we inhale. Period.
2/ That was true every second of every day before vaccinations, and while vaccinations are critical for reducing severe outcomes of infection, we should still be doing everything possible to reduce our inhalation dose of virus-laden aerosol particles. The steps are simple, folks.
3/ Wear a high-quality mask (e.g., KN95 or N95) at all times while indoors w/ others outside your own family.
Avoid indoor spaces where people are not wearing high-quality masks or masks at all.
Where one has control, ventilate to a much greater degree.