Many medieval mercenaries were fiercely proud of their warrior skills and prowess, and would in some cases fight to the last man even in defeat. One of such were the elite Swabian mercenaries who fought for the Pope against Normans at Civitate in 1053. All 700 of them died! Image
How did the Pope hire them? Pope Leo IX traveled over the Alps to look for help from Holy Roman Emperor Henry III who did not give him any, but the papal chancellor Gerard, Duke of Lorraine, managed to gather a force of 700 local Swabian mercenaries armed with long swords! ImageImage
Norman chornicler William of Apulia writes about this curious group of German mercenaries who arrived to fight the Normans. He described them as infantrymen who were not well versed with cavalry, but excelled with swords! He saw them as dangerous enemies on the battlefield! Image
He writes, "There were proud people of great courage, but not versed in horsemanship, who fought rather with the sword than with the lance. Since they could not control the movements of their horses with their hands they were unable to inflict serious injuries with the lance"! Image
However William of Apulia noted their skills with swords. "They excelled with the sword. These swords were very long and keen, and they were often capable of cutting someone vertically in two! They preferred to dismount and take guard on foot" Image
William of Apulia was aware of their reputation and noted that despite their lack of cavalry skills these were dangerous foes! "They chose rather to die than to turn tail. Such was their bravery that they were far more formidable like this than when riding on horseback"! Image
Before the battle the Swabian mercenaries even taunted the Normans! "The Germans, notable for their long hair, good looks and height, mocked the Normans, who seemed small [to them], and disdained [...] people whom they considered their inferiors both in numbers and strength." Image
The fighting with the Normans was very brutal and gruesome, as the Normans relied on their formidable cavalry that seemed invincible at the time while the Swabians put up a great fight on foot, killing many Normans and even cutting some enemies in half with their swords! Image
But the battle went bad for the Papal army as the local Italian troops he brought broke and fled, leaving the Swabian mercenaries surrounded. Attacked from all sides they fought to death rather than surrendering. "Of all these men not one survived," William of Apulia notes. Image
It seems that the Swabians were a fine race of mercenaries! Centuries later Swabia would also be famous for Landsknecht mercenaries as a large number of them came from these Swabian lands which provided quality mercenaries for entire renaissance Europe! ImageImage

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More from @LandsknechtPike

Mar 12
The conquest of Belgrade in 1717 was one of the biggest achievements of the Habsburgs in their long wars against Ottomans. But most of all it was a glorious victory of the legendary commander Eugene of Savoy who demonstrated his unyielding "conquer or die" mentality. (Thread) ImageImageImage
The Habsburg Empire had already achieved significant victories against the Ottomans in the Great Turkish War of 1683-1699. The war started with the famous Siege of Vienna which the Habsburgs defended then through a series of victories pushed the Ottomans out of Hungary. Image
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Mar 5
Machiavelli is definitely an interesting character, but his opinions are accepted too uncritically in the modern age and he is in this regard somewhat overrated.

Machiavelli was definitely completely wrong with his negative opinions about the mercenaries and I'll explain why.
Machiavelli hated the mercenaries and wanted to recruit some sort of citizen army for which he gave historic examples of Rome and Sparta, claiming that such army would be more loyal and just overall superior to mercenary armies of the time.
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He was wrong on that alone as anyone who studied the legendary medieval mercenaries like Varangians or the Swiss can confirm.

But he was wrong on more than that.
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Here are some examples I encountered.
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Feb 17
The Hessians! The largest contingent of the German mercenaries who fought for the British in the American Revolutionary War! Long vilified by the Americans, the Hessians were highly disciplined and skilled elite troops. How did such a small German state provide so many soldiers?
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Today 12 February is anniversary of the Battle of the Herrings during the Hundred Years' War in 1429. The French attacked the English supply convoy of around 300 wagons which carried weapons and food, including barrels of herring (type of fish)! The English beat the attackers!
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