Geoff Brumfiel Profile picture
Mar 11, 2022 13 tweets 7 min read Read on X
Friday OSINT 🧵

Today we published an investigation into Russia's attack on the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Plant. Behind the scenes there was a lot of geolocation. I'd like to tell you the story of one photo.

Here's how some Russian propaganda helped prove it was real. #ThanksRT!
So this is the photo. It's of a damaged office at the plant. I can say with confidence it is located at precisely 47.506689, 34.584975 on the third floor of the main administration building at the power plant.
This geolocation isn't really all that tough. Particularly because the Ukrainians are VERY PROUD of their nuclear plant. To show it off, they even set up a 3D virtual tour. Using features in the window, it's easy to line everything up, even the floor.

We also have some corroborating footage from the night of the assault that can explain why the damage was so extensive. In particular, video of Russian soldiers firing RPGs into this very building. There were 5 fired in total, and it took a lot of other damage too.
OK, so that's all fine and good. But wouldn't it be nice to CHRONOLOCATE this image? That is, to prove it was taken AFTER the assault? Well that's where RT comes in.

After the attack, they visited the plant (Pretty cheeky, calling it an "exclusive").
Now in RT's official state narrative, the only building damaged in the assault was the training center. They claimed was set on fire by Ukranian "infiltrators". #lies

They were very careful to crop out any other damage at the site, including at the main admin building.
But in another shot, they proudly showed some flags flying over the reactor. One was the Russian flag. The other was the Soviet "Victory Banner" from World War II (H/T @dex_eve and others for showing me that).
Now let's go back and look at the flags at that office. A little hard to make out the second one, but it's pretty clearly a red flag. I'd call it a good match.

And voila! We now now have located this photo in both space and time! Thanks a bunch RT!

BUT WAIT! There's a twist!
That RT shot ISN'T in front of the main admin building. It's actually at a different part of the plant (pretty sure around: 47.5076, 34.5886].

Again, the power company's ever popular Youtube channel can verify that.
Here's my hypothesis:

RT couldn't show the flags flying over the admin building, which they'd blasted to shreds the night before.

So the MOVED THEM! To get a triumphant victory shot of the plant that wouldn't show all the damage they'd done.
That's some speculation, but I'd like to think it might be true.

Anyway, thanks for reading to the end!
P.S. If you want to check out more about what actually happened (not the RT version) please read our story.

npr.org/2022/03/11/108…
*CORRECTION! I think the office might be on the FOURTH floor.

Pride goeth before the fall.

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More from @gbrumfiel

Jun 26
Iran's nuclear facilities have been destroyed, but many experts think that its been able to hold on to some of its enriched uranium.

Here's why that 400+ kilograms of highly enriched uranium is REALLY important….

A brief 🧵 (WITH POORLY MADE GRAPHICS!) Image
I’d actually been meaning to do this thread anyway, because there’s been a lot of confusion about uranium enrichment, and I thought it’d be helpful. But in the current context of this ceasefire it seems especially important.

So let’s start with how enrichment works....
Every uranium atom has the same number of protons at the center, but different atoms can have different numbers of neutrons. The number of neutrons determines a number of properties, including for uranium, how easily it splits apart.

Natural uranium is mostly uranium-238.... Image
Read 13 tweets
Jun 25
OK, after reporting this out, I've got a few final thoughts on the B-2 strike on Fordo and whether the MOPs got through.

I think there's some really interesting details that have emerged and clarified my thinking... 🧵

npr.org/2025/06/25/nx-…
First, a question I must ask myself (and that you should ask too) is have I become "man on the Internet" who thinks he knows more than the Pentagon....

I am somewhat fearful that doing my own math makes it look like I do, but I assure you I do not.

The Pentagon knows way more than I do. About the rock, about the bomb, about the right equations and the bunkers.
And from everything we can see, I think seems that they executed this strike flawlessly. The hits are clustered. The strike points chosen carefully. (@Maxar /NPR) Image
Read 11 tweets
Jun 18
If a U. S. 'bunker buster' hits a nuclear site, what might get released into the air?

Very good fact-checking here by my colleague Nell Greenfieldboyce. Iranian enrichment facilities will not "blow up" in a mushroom cloud when they're struck...

npr.org/2025/06/18/nx-…
Because the enriched U-235 is stored as a gas, its at far too low a density to start a criticality event. A bomb will simply disperse it around the local environment.
Also, unlike nuclear reactors, there are no lighter radioactive isotopes that can be dissolved in water vapor and transported over long distances (think Cs-137 and I-131).

Instead, the main contaminate will be Uranium Hexaflouride (UF6) a heavy gas that is quite toxic...
Read 4 tweets
Jun 17
ANALYSIS: There is a LOT of stuff in the media right now about the Massive Ordinance Penetrator--The American bunker buster that might get used on Iran's deeply buried site at Fordow.

Can it hit Fordow? I'm not sure.

Here's why (WITH MATH). 🧵
OK, so before we even start, a disclaimer-- I'm a journalist, not a weapons expert. But I have reported on a similar topic a long time ago.

More on that later, but first, let's talk about the MOP.

It's a 30,000 lb (13, 600 kg) bomb built by Boeing and designed to hit bunkers. Image
A lot of other outlets (particularly @thewarzonewire) have done great reporting on the MOP.

They surfaced this early DOD graphic showing that it could penetrate 60' (18 m). Image
Read 15 tweets
Sep 30, 2024
BREAKING: A tiny town in North Carolina that’s just been devastated by hurricane Helene could end up severely disrupting the global supply chain for microchips and solar panels.

(By myself, @camilareads and Scott Neuman)

Short 🧵

npr.org/2024/09/30/nx-…
The community in question is called Spruce Pine. It is America's sole source of high-purity quartz, and one of the only places that can supply high purity quartz to the world.

Or it was, until Hurricane Helene dropped a whopping 24.12 " of rain on it. Image
I spoke to Spencer Bost head of Downtown Spruce Pine. He says local businesses are destroyed.

There's now power, no water, or cell service.

"We were there for three days before we got enough chainsaws together to cut a path out of our neighborhood." (photo: S. Bost) Image
Read 13 tweets
Aug 9, 2024
The @iaeaorg is closely monitoring fighting between Ukrainian and Russian forces near Russia's Kursk NPP.

This has the potential to develop into a serious nuclear emergency.

Here's some early thoughts in a short 🧵
First, let's talk about the Kursk nuclear plant (KNPP hereafter).

The plant is located inside of Russia, about 100 km from the border with Ukraine. It consists of four units, two of which are currently operational (Units 3 and 4).
Image
Image
The operating reactors at Kursk are OLD. They began operation in the 1980s, and have had multiple license extensions.

They are graphite-moderated light water reactors. Graphite moderated reactors are no longer built anywhere in the world as far as I know, and for good reason... Image
Read 12 tweets

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