Today 16 March is the anniversary of the final fall of the Cathar fortress of Montségur in 1244. After an exhausting 10 months long siege the Cathar garrison surrendered to the Catholic French besiegers! Those Cathars who didn't denounce their faith were burned at the stake!
Cathars were a heretical Christian movement that became widespread in the early 13th century southern France. A crusade was called against them which also had political motives of removing the local Catholic Occitan nobility which was accused of protecting Cathars.
Montségur was one of the imposing castles where the Cathars and their sympathizers took refuge from persecution. This included the men who took part in Avignonet massacre in 1242 where Cathars killed a group of inquisitors. The French were determined to punish them!
15 March is also the anniversary of the Battle of Halmyros in 1311 where the Duchy of Athens was contested between two Catholic forces! The mercenary Catalan Company won a decisive victory over the crusader knights led by Walter of Brienne and took control of the Duchy!
This battle was very important for the history of the crusader states established in Greek lands after the conquest of Constantinople in 1204. Even after the demise of the Latin Empire few crusader states like the Duchy of Athens still remained.
The Catalan Company had long been achieving great victories in this part of the world. Hired by the Byzantine emperor to fight off the Turks, the Byzantines eventually turned on them but the Catalans defeated them as well and pillaged the lands.
Today 15 march is the anniversary of the battle of Merseburg where King Henry the Fowler of East Francia defeated the Magyars in 933. The attack of the German heavy cavalry routed the Magyar forces and secured an important victory!
The nomadic Magyars had achieved much success in 10th century, destroying Great Moravia and defeated the Bavarians at the Battle of Pressburg in 907. FInally, they defeated King Henry in Saxony in 924 and forcing him to pay tribute for nine years.
King Henry spent the time wisely fortifying and expanding his lands as well as levying peasants for garrison duty and rotating them so that his forts would be manned all the time. In 932 he stopped paying tribute for which he got the support of the church at the Synod of Erfurt.
Today 14 March is anniversary of the Battle of Ivry fought in 1590 during the French Wars of Religion. French King Henry IV defeated the Catholic League. The King demonstrated his courage by personally leading the crucial cavalry charge!
A year before, the new Protestant French King Henry IV had been successfully campaigning against the Catholic League in Normandy and had defeated the League's army led by Duke of Mayenne at Arques near Dieppe.
In early 1590 the two armies would meet again as King Henry IV was endangering the Catholic League stronghold Paris and Mayenne had to react. The battle would take place at Ivry.
Today 14 March is the anniversary of the battle of Mogyoród in 1074, fought for the control of the Kingdom of Hungary. King Solomon was defeated by his cousins Géza and Ladislaus and Géza became the new King of Hungary!
King Solomon became King of Hungary in 1063 after he entered with a large army from the Holy Roman Empire with the support of German troops to reclaim the throne of his father Andrew I by dethroning his uncle Béla who briefly ruled from 1060 to 1063 after defeating Andrew.
However as the German troops left Béla's sons and Solomon's cousins Géza, Ladislaus and Lampert arrived from Poland with Polish forces. Conflict was somehow prevented but tensions remained between King Solomon and his cousins.
The conquest of Belgrade in 1717 was one of the biggest achievements of the Habsburgs in their long wars against Ottomans. But most of all it was a glorious victory of the legendary commander Eugene of Savoy who demonstrated his unyielding "conquer or die" mentality. (Thread)
The Habsburg Empire had already achieved significant victories against the Ottomans in the Great Turkish War of 1683-1699. The war started with the famous Siege of Vienna which the Habsburgs defended then through a series of victories pushed the Ottomans out of Hungary.
This war also marked the astonishing rise of Eugene of Savoy who arrived to fight at Vienna as a teenager. He started as a regular cavalryman in a dragoon regiment and by the end of the war he commanded the Habsburg Imperial army to win the crucial victory at Zenta in 1697.