The formal separation of Bihar from Bengal in April 1912 was a momentous event in the lives of the people of the state. The process had started on December 12, 1911 when King George V, at the Delhi Durbar, revealed the "top secret" decision regarding the separation of Bihar.
Before 1912, #Bihar, as a part of Greater Bengal, was ruled by a Lt Gov and his secretariat at Calcutta, which was also the seat of the provincial govt of Greater Bengal. For practical purposes, Bihar was ruled and managed by 3 divisional commissioners & district collectors. 2/n
Prior to 1912, Bihar had no state capital of its own. The administrative headquarters used to be at Bankipore, a suburb of Patna, which was inhabited by the British and Europeans starting the mid-18th century.
The then Viceroy Lord Hardinge made the final formal proclamation regarding the creation of the province of Bihar and Orissa with its boundaries, through the Government of India Act, 1912.
@NitishKumar@PIB_Patna@bihar_tales@namaskaromi@ArtCultureYouth@fableindia First Lieutenant-Governor of Bihar & Orissa Charles Stuart Bayley took charge on April 1, 1912 (until November 19, 1915). He chose the residence of the commissioner at Chhajjubag in Patna, earlier purchased from Darbhanga Raj.
@NitishKumar@PIB_Patna@bihar_tales@namaskaromi@ArtCultureYouth@fableindia Bayley called for holding of Bankipore Durbar on November 21, 1912 to set the new structure of governance. Representatives of five official bodies and social associations, recalling the ancient history of Patna, wanted the new capital to reflect the ancient glory.
@NitishKumar@PIB_Patna@bihar_tales@namaskaromi@ArtCultureYouth@fableindia The bodies they represented were: District Board of Patna, Municipality of Patna, Kshatriya Prantik Sabha, Bihar Landholders’ Association, Provincial Muslim League, Pradhan Bhumihar Sabha, and Bengalee Settlers' Association.
Addressing them Bayley said:
@NitishKumar@PIB_Patna@bihar_tales@namaskaromi@ArtCultureYouth@fableindia The site selected for New Capital Area of #Patna comprised of what today is Patna Zoo, Patna Golf Club, and the area enclosed by Bayley Road, Gardiner Road & Hardinge Road up to Patna airport. Govt
quarters for the secretariat and other staff were to be located at Gardanibagh.
18वीं शताब्दी के उत्तरार्ध में इंग्लैण्ड में औद्योगिक क्रांति की शुरुआत हुई जिसके कारण उपनिवेशवादी दोहन अपने चरम पर पहुँच गया। अंग्रेजों को काम करने के लिए श्रमिकों की आवश्यकता पड़ी तो उन्होंने भारतियों को भारी मात्रा में मॉरिशस, फिजी, ट्रिनीडाड, आदि भेजना शुरू कर दिया।
जिस कागज पर अंगूठे का निशान लगवाकर हर वर्ष हज़ारों श्रमिक अन्य देशों को भेजे जाते थे, उसे श्रमिक और मालिक `गिरमिट' कहते थे. गिरमिट, `एग्रीमेंट' शब्द का अपभ्रंश है और इसी दस्तावेज के आधार पर श्रमिक गिरमिटिया कहलाते थे।
शुरू में 5 वर्ष का क़रार होता। महज 8 रुपये महीने की पग़ार पर काम करने का। बाद में ये क़रार बढ़ता हीं जाता, गिरमिटिया देश वापस नहीं आ पाता और अंत में परदेस की माटी पर हीं दम तोड़ देता।