Thomas C. Theiner Profile picture
Mar 21, 2022 9 tweets 3 min read Read on X
A few days ago russia beseeched China to supply it with weapons, ammunition, food and war materiel.

Even if China agrees - it would take a month or more to deliver these supplies and they won't change the war's outcome.

Let me explain:

1/9
It is 5,500 km from the railway crossing at Manzhouli in China to belgorod, where russia operates its main railway hub for the invasion of Ukraine.

russian trains will take a week to cover this distance, but it will take China even longer to get materiel to Manzhouli.

2/9
China's People's Liberation Army has almost no russian equipment in service. China's most modern equipment is all made in China and russia can't use it.

China could give russia older stuff and ammunition, like i.e. BM-21 Grad copies and/or the rockets for it.

3/9
If China decides to supply more complex systems to russia (tanks, IFVs, etc.), then China will have to take them out of its own units, remove classified Chinese tech (i.e. secure comms, targeting systems, etc.), load it onto trains and bring those trains to Manzhouli.

4/9 A Type 99 tank interior
It will take the first trains 7-10 days to arrive at Manzhouli, where the trains have to be unloaded and then reloaded on russian trains as the Chinese railways uses a 1,435 mm gauge, while russia uses a 1,524 mm gauge.

5/9
After about 10+ days the first trains might cross into russia.

Then it's 7-8 days to Belgorod. Another 1-2 days to unload the trains and load the supplies on trucks.

Then those trucks have to enter Ukraine... and we all know what happens to russian supply trucks in Ukraine.
6/9
So even if China supplies ammo, food, and materiel it won't fix russia's logistic problems, as russian logistics suffer from a lack of trucks, drivers, spares, maintenance, and an astounding lack of convoy security.

And there is nothing China or russia can do to fix that.

7/9
And if China supplies more complex systems, then russia will have to re-install the tech China removed, and russia will have to give its troops at least a few days to acclimatize themselves with the new systems (where everything will be labeled in Mandarin).

8/9
And if China should fly in materiel: a transport plane can fly in 0.25% of what a train can transport.

In short: even if China should supply russia with materiel, it will be too little, it will be too late, and it won't change the fact that russia is losing the war.

9/9

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More from @noclador

Sep 13
Of course russia can quickly seize the Suwałki Gap and cut of the Baltics from the rest of NATO... but have you had a look at Kaliningrad's border and the flat dry country beyond?

There are 9 Polish brigades in that area (and 11 in reserve, with 4 more forming). Sure russia
1/5 Image
could move 50,000+ men to Kaliningrad to secure the border or build a defence line along the Pregoła river... but those need to be supplied from Belarus, which also is easily invaded unless russia sends 50,000+ troops to secure its flank there. A buildup of 200,000+ russian
2/5
troops in Belarus would be noticed by NATO (and ordinary people in Belarus, who would upload 100s of videos of the arriving russians).
In summary the main risk isn't that russia suddenly seizes and fortifies the Suwałki Gap... the main risk is that russia starts building up
3/5
Read 5 tweets
Sep 7
The North Atlantic - one of the key battles in a russia-Europe war.

If Europe is defeated here, which with Europe's current forces and capabilities, is almost certain to happen... then russia can nuke the UK without fear of retaliation.

This will be a unsettling thread:
1/40 Image
This battle will be very different from the battles in the Black Sea and Baltic Sea, which I discussed in an early thread, which is linked below.

To understand the North Atlantic Battle we need to look at Imperial Germany's WWI submarine campaign,


2/n
and at the WWII Battle of the Atlantic. We will also have to take a deep dive into the Cold War and that era's submarines and submarine tactics.

In WWI the Imperial German Navy sent some 300+ submarines into the Atlantic, which sank more than 4,000 merchant vessels. The UK
3/n Image
Read 41 tweets
Sep 4
2 days ago I did a thread about the reasons russia can't defeat Ukraine and yet is still a deadly threat to Europe and NATO (link to the thread the next tweet).

Today I will talk about three of the fronts of a russia-Europe war:
1) Black Sea
2) Baltic Sea
3) North Atlantic

1/36 Image
These three fronts will be air and sea battles, while Finland and the Baltics will be air and land battles; about which I will talk in another thread in the coming days.

I do not believe the US under control of Trump or Vance would come to the aid
2/n
of Europe... we will be on our own, which will have very dire consequences for the battle in the North Atlantic and thus the UK.

First, let's look at the Black Sea, where russia's Black Sea Fleet has already been savaged by the Ukrainians (pic: the sinking cruiser Moskva).
3/n Image
Read 36 tweets
Sep 1
• russia has no chance to defeat Ukraine
• russia is a deadly threat to NATO and the EU

Both of these are true... because as of 2025 Ukraine fields a far more capable military than NATO's 30 European members combined (!).

Let me explain.
1/39 Image
As of August 2025 russia fields more than 1,3 million troops; at least half of which are fighting in or against Ukraine.

Ukraine has an estimated 1 million troops... maybe even 1,1 million troops. NATO's European members have double that: some 2.2 million troops, but
2/n Image
(there is always a "but" with European militaries):

• with more than double the personnel European NATO members manage to field only 20% more combat brigades than Ukraine. Partly because Western navies and air forces are bigger, but mostly because in all European militaries
3/n Image
Read 39 tweets
Aug 18
People forget that for most if its history Europe was much, much more militarized than even during the Cold War.

Italy, from the end of the Third War of Independence in 1866 to 1939 fielded always 360-400 battalions, which fell to 110-115 during the Cold War, as the US
1/14 Image
backed its European allies with the its massive air force. Today Italy fields 41 battalions (infantry, tanks, recon, special forces, rangers).

Likewise the British Army fielded for most of its history (especially after the 1908 Haldane reforms) 450-480 battalions, which came
2/n Image
in three types: 150-160 regular battalions (of which a third was always in India), around 100 reserve battalions to provide replacements for the regular battalions, and 200-220 territorial battalions, which (at least on paper) could not be deployed overseas. The British Army
3/n
Read 14 tweets
Jul 4
This is Berlin.

And this is how Berlin would look like 3 days after putin attacks Europe... because Germany doesn't have the air defence ammo to defend any of its city for more than 2 days.
1/12 Image
Image
This is Copenhagen.

And this is how Copenhagen would look like the morning after putin attacks Europe... because Denmark doesn't have any air defence to defend itself.
2/12 Image
Image
This is Paris.

And this is how Paris would look like a day after putin attacks Europe... because France only has SAMP/T air defence systems, which is as of now has very limited capabilities against ballistic missiles.
3/12 Image
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Read 12 tweets

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