There has been a lot of speculation on here recently how the #UkraineConflict will impact Russian-Chinese relations.
Prominent Russian sinologist Alexey Maslov recently wrote an interesting Telegram post on this issue. English translation is below 🧵
"In China, a principled political decision on economic cooperation with Russia needs to be made at the highest level. If such a decision is made, then - and only then - will there be 'expansion' on all issues. "
"For this to happen, three factors must coincide. First, a complete completion of the military operation. Signing some kind of ceasefire agreement or some kind of agreement that fixes the situation at any point. Until this occurs, nothing will happen."
"Second, China needs to hear Russia’s economic position. So far, Russia hasn't formulated its global demands or economic position. There is no answer to the main question: What does Russia want in the economic sphere?"
"Third, China is obviously waiting for a special offer, one that should be completely different from what we have economically done before. I believe that, at least until the end of the year, there may be difficult and long negotiations between Moscow & Beijing on this issue."
"We need to make such a special offer to a large number of countries in Asia: India, Vietnam. Or maybe even this: We should either make such an offer to a group of five, six, seven, or do make it to no one."
"What could be the content of such a special offer? For example, the complete zeroing-out of any taxes for decades for areas in which joint ventures will be established."
"The participation of the Russian state as a co-investor. We do not just benefit from buying goods in China. It is advantageous for us to create joint Russian-Chinese enterprises on the territory of China, which will produce and supply products to Russia."
"Second, localize Chinese production in Russia. This would be a return to what China began with in the 1990s, when its slogan was the 'market for technology exchange': we have a huge market, come to us, but in return train our engineers and deliver modern production lines."
Ukraine’s 36th Marine Brigade, which is stationed in the city, writes on Facebook, “Today will probably be the last battle, as the ammunition is running out.”
The brigade added that around half of its men are wounded.
Alexander Khodakovsky, commander of the Donbass rebel Vostok Battalion, claims that a Ukrainian column tried to breakthrough their encirclement last night by pretending to be Russian forces. However, the attempt was unsuccessful and the rebels captured some Ukrainian equipment.
Local Azov Battalion commander Svyatoslav Palamar, better known as Kalina, released a video yesterday in which he accuses Kyiv of abandoning the Mariupol garrison and claims that Ukrainian officials stopped taking their phone calls two weeks ago.
According to a recent survey by the Levada Center, Russia's leading/only independent pollster, Vladimir Putin's approval rating has reached 83%, an increase of 12 points over the past month.
This is Putin's highest figure since the start of his fourth term back in 2018.
Incidentally, I recently wrote an article for @ggreenwald where I interviewed Denis Volkov, director of the Levada Center, about potential impact of the #UkraineConflict and Western sanctions on Russian public opinion.
Here is what Volkov told me about why a majority of ordinary Russians appear to support the Kremlin's actions in Ukraine despite the economic pain of Western sanctions.
#Breaking: South Ossetia, a breakaway region of Georgia, announced that it plans on becoming part of Russia in the near future.
Back in 2008, Russia went to war against Georgia after the latter tried to reassert its control over South Ossetia.
Here is the statement from the leader of South Ossetia: I believe that unification with Russia is our strategic goal...The Republic of South Ossetia will be part of its historical homeland - Russia."
South Ossetia's announcement comes shortly after the two self-proclaimed Donbass republics indicated that they plan on holding referendums to become part of Russia.
First stop is Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. This is a pretty fascinating example since even though Russia lost nearly every battle, it ended up getting a pretty favorable peace deal.
Despite its success on the battlefield, the Japan was financially exhausted by the war. Most historians agree that despite Russia’s problems (and they were many), Japan couldn’t have kept fighting for much longer. Especially if Russia managed to send its reserves.
Russia's Pivot to Asia 2.0 will likely be not just a political & economic shift, but also a cultural one to some extent. I expect to see more Indian + Chinese films in Russian movie theaters over next several years. Same goes for Russian art museums.
Despite Russia's geographic location, I don't think Russians will ever view themselves as culturally closer to Asia than Europe. But I do think that Russians will become much more familiar with different Asian cultures, and therefore view them as less distant/alien.
From my perch in Moscow, I'm already starting to see this. One of my friends, a young liberal/leftist Muscovite who studied in Europe, recently told me that China will become "Russia's window to the outside world." Other acquaintances have made similar comments
Some background first: Editor David Remnick asks Kotkin about the role of NATO expansion in causing the #UkraineConflict.
Kotkin goes on a weird essentialist rant in which he claims that Russia has always been an aggressive, autocratic power that hostile to the West.
Let's begin with the "suspicion" of Westerners part.
That claim doesn't really hold up scrutiny for the Russian Empire, which was modeled by Peter I on European absolute monarchies. Post-Peter, Russian monarchs spoke numerous European languages and had European relatives.