BREAKING: Russia imposes sanctions on 398 members of the US House of Representatives
The official Russian Foreign Ministry statement here. It is a direct response to US sanctions on Russian State Duma members after they recognized the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics
Some members of Congress were sanctioned by Russia before today
Thats why only 398 out of 435 were included in the latest package
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Saudi Arabia and the UAE's divergence is grabbing widespread attention
Here is how my company Pangea Geopolitical Risk assesses it /THREAD
Due to the vitriolic nature of commentary from Saudi and Emirati influencers, many people are drawing comparisons to the 2017 Qatar blockade
These comparisons are misleading for several reasons /1
First, the naked adventurism of 2017 has de-escalated into a climate of cold peaces and managed contestations
There isn't appetite for a GCC rift and even with the Iran protests heating up, Saudi/UAE/Bahrain aren't clamoring for regime change in a unified voice /2
The RSF's El Fasher massacre has killed thousands and famine threatens the lives of millions
Here is a layout of how we got to this point and why the West deserves much of the blame /THREAD
Western policy towards Sudan has been characterized by contradictions and incoherence
Intense engagement followed by disinterest, shifting attitudes towards perpetrators of violence/genocide and a tendency of abandoning the country when it needed support most /1
The story starts during the Cold War
The US was looking for additional bulwarks against communism to complement its robust foothold in Zaire and forays into the Horn of Africa (Somalia/Ethiopia in alternation) /2
Kazakhstan has officially joined the Abraham Accords
Here's the context behind that move and what it means /THREAD
Kazakhstan and Israel already have established ties, they date back to the immediate aftermath of the Soviet Union's collapse (1992 to be precise)
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu already visited Kazakhstan in 2016 /1
Kazakhstan has also maintained an equi-distant policy in the Gaza War and the prevailing view from journalistic pieces/research on Kazakh society is that it wants to be insulated from Middle East developments
So engagement with Israel is par for the course /2
A ceasefire has taken hold in Gaza and Israeli hostages are about to be released
Here's an overview of what will likely come next /THREAD
The ceasefire was driven by two key factors
The first was that Hamas saw no chance of outlasting Israel's military resolve and surviving as a governing power in the pre-2023 form
The second was that Israel also realized the complete annhiliation of Hamas was unachievable /1
Pressure on Israel from the US was also mounting
During my recent trip to Washington, Democrats framed Israel's war as a Netanyahu regime survival mission and Republicans were quizzical about whether Israel was trading short-term wins for long-term insecurity /2
Armenia and Azerbaijan have struck a peace agreement
There are still numerous unsettled issues but its a major geopolitical sea change
Here's what's likely to come next /1
The US's brokering of the Armenia-Azerbaijan final settlement deals a significant blow to Russia, Iran and Europe's status
Russia wanted the 3+3 format including itself, Iran and Turkey as well as Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia to achieve a breakthrough /2
The problem was that Russia was regarded as a power that was stoking the conflict to maximize its leverage
Selling arms to both sides before the 2020 war and there was widespread skepticism in Azerbaijan about the hegemonic intentions of Russian peacekeepers /3