Seeing this thread from @RadioFreeTom on nuclear deterrence and #MAD, and it recalls the role @FPRI Orbis played in the 1970s in hosting some of these debates. Amazing that 50 years later, we are revisiting the same issues. A 🧵. 1/
Specifically, Albert Wohlstetter, “Threats and Promises of Peace: Europe and America in the New Era,” Orbis vol. 2, no. 4 (Winter 1974), and William R. Van Cleave and Roger W. Barnett, “Strategic Adaptability,” Orbis vol. 28, no. 3 (Autumn 1974). 2/
(And not to ignore Michael May, “Some Advantages of a Counterforce Deterrent,” in Summer 1970). These pieces helped shape the debate about the desirability of strategic arms limitation talks & the role of nuclear weapons in maintaining deterrence. 3/
Michael May argued that it was absolutely necessary for any attacker to be unable “from following up his attack with steps that would lead to further destruction or domination of this country and its allies.” 4/
Van Cleave &Barnett argued that the credibility of deterrence depended on a capability “to use nuclear forces in a rational and non-apocalyptic fashion.” If the use of nuclear weapons were taken off the agenda, 5/
then the concept of the nuclear balance of terror as an effective restraint would be removed. Wohlstetter focused on the question of what happened if deterrence failed, one which could not be addressed by simply declaring that war “would be an unlimited catastrophe.” 6/
Moreover, one could not assume that the unthinkability of war would therefore prevent its occurrence. 7/
Events today suggest that old concepts may be getting a new lease on life. END fpri.org/article/2020/0…
Addendum: passing this along from @ElbridgeColby … discussions over numbers & size of the nuclear force were also part of these discussions in Orbis in the 1970s …
Just a short historical 🧵as the fighting in Ukraine is now concentrated in the southeast, on territory historically connected to the Don Cossack Host. Places like Izyum and Bakhmut are recognizable to students of the Bulavin rebellion of the early 1700s. 1/
Kondraty Bulavin, an ataman of the Don Cossacks, rebelled against the growing encroachments of the imperial state on Cossack liberties and self-government, and especially the right of Cossack sanctuary to serfs fleeing from central Russia. 2/
Peter the Great crushed this rebellion, in part by suborning part of the Don Cossack elite, and also because the hetman of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, Ivan Mazeppa, chose not to tip his hand about his own plans and refused to aid Bulavin's fight. 3/
This is important. If China seeks to keep the U.S. off balance through the threat of “Eurasian simultaneity” as Dov Zakheim has argued in the current issue of @FPRI Orbis, then China cannot allow Russia to be completely eliminated as a force in Eurasian affairs. 1/
Middle powers increasingly align with the Chinese concept of zhongeng qiangguo--the mid-level ‘powerful state’ that possesses sufficient military and economic wherewithal to influence international politics. 2/ cirsd.org/en/horizons/ho…
Middle powers cannot dominate the global system but they can be quite influential in specific regions, and so the global agenda setting powers must negotiate with them to some extent. 3/
We've had a month to watch this unfold further, and it is clear that one of the key intelligence failures on the part of the Kremlin was to vastly overestimate Chinese economic support (from the "Vladimir's Delusions" thread). 1/
For the last year, Kremlin commentators confidently stressed how Russia would pivot to Asia to cope with any economic pressure from the West. 2/
Important scoreboard items so far: Sinopec not moving ahead with its major Amur gas project with Sibur and suspending project to market Novatek's LNG; Huawei stopping its work. Chinese firms not stepping in as expected. 3/
In Baku Dialogues (published by @ADAUniversity) #DamjanKrnjevic & I worry about a calculation that seems to be that however much suffering Ukraine sustains, Russia will suffer more and the West will suffer minimally. How, exactly, is this good for Ukraine? 1/
We wrote this piece prior to the latest incidents of killings, and more blood makes a settlement less likely, but a prolonged conflict does not support the West's long-term more important geopolitical imperatives vis-a-vis the Indo-Pacific basin. 2/ bakudialogues.ada.edu.az/articles/geopo…
Appointment of General Dvornikov to head Russian operations in Ukraine signal that Kremlin moving to Syria style campaign. Dvornikov was part of my presentation at the @norwichnews Peace & War symposium last month. Dvornikov is an advocate for ... 1/
the evacuation of the civilian population, use of air and artillery strikes to inflict considerable damage, and offering final evacuation of resistance fighters to designated enclaves as a way to reduce the size of the territory under opposition control. 2/
Use of evacuation corridors with the proviso that those who remain are declared as combatants, allows the Russians to both diminish the size of the population in the enclaves but also to then engage in indiscriminate firing without concern for minimizing damage to civilians. 3/