Thread by @TheTeknas

At the confluence of continents, civilizations and ethnicities,🇲🇦is paradoxically the most authentic country in North Africa,the one whose specificity is the most assertive.After the fall of the Umayyads, it saw the establishment of dynasties that gradually founded a true nation.

Morocco was the work of the monarchy that gave it its identity and unity. It also spared it from tribal divisions and foreign occupation, especially Ottoman. All things that provoked in the neighboring countries phenomena of lasting deculturation.

👇🏼#Morocco

Thus, from the eighth century, the Idrissides established the 1st national state in Fez. The Almoravids (Al-Murabitun), coming from the South and precisely from the Sahara, gave a new impetus by unifying the country from north to south, as far as Senegal.

👇🏼 #Morocco

Youssef Ben Tachfin founded Marrakech and established his capital there in 1078. He took the title of Amir Al Mouminin (Prince of the Faithful) which remains that of the Moroccan sovereigns until today. It was during his reign that the Moorish civilization radiated in Spain.
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The Almoravids were then supplanted by the Almohades (Al-Muahidun) who introduced the principle of monarchical heredity, symbol of continuity and stability. 

👇🏼#Morocco

From the middle of the thirteenth century, reigned the Merinids whose first prince was Yacob Ibn Abdelkader Al Merini from Sijilmassa in the Sahara, starting point of caravans to Sudan.

👇🏼 #Morocco

The greatest ruler of the dynasty, Abu Al Hassan, made a breakthrough as far as Tlemcen and even Tunis (1347) before retreating into the limits of present-day Morocco. The Merinids had their capital in Fez, leaving Marrakech.

👇🏼#Morocco

The end of the Merinids coincided with the fall of the last Moorish kingdom in Spain. Refugees from Andalusia naturally found asylum in Morocco.

The country faces both internal unrest and the external threat.

👇🏼#Morocco

Portugal and Spain tried to settle on the coasts and a threat point to the East, the Ottomans.

It is again a dynasty from the Sahara (especially from Seguiet-El-Hamra and the Draâ region) that imposes itself.

👇🏼#Morocco

From 1557, the Saadians repelled the invaders. In 1578, Ahmed Al Mansour was victorious on all fronts and restored the authority of the kingdom to the limits of the Senegal River.

👇🏼#Morocco

The Sahara became the starting point for major expeditions to Sudan, Tombouctou, and Guinea. Alas, this beautiful work is once again questioned by succession disputes; two rival brothers clash, one in Fez, the other in Marrakech. National unity, still fragile, is threatened. 

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Everything will be saved by a dynasty that marked the history of Morocco until today.

In 1640 appears the Alawite dynasty founded by Moulay Al Rachid who will fight to pacify #Morocco.

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He reconnected with the Saharan South by setting up strong garrisons in Tichit and the White Cape region. At his death, his brother Moulay Ismaïl (1672 – 1727) succeeded him, one of the greatest sovereigns of #Morocco...

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the organizer of a modern and powerful state dealing on an equal footing with the powerful sovereigns of his time. He built a new capital, Meknes, which was compared as a Moroccan Versailles.

👇🏼#Morocco

From a Saharan mother, the sovereign was particularly interested in the development of the southern regions where he made numerous stays. It was under his reign that the definitive limits of #Morocco were fixed, from the Mediterranean to Mauritania.

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The policy of modernization and openness to the world was continued by Mohamed Ibn Abdellah (1757 – 1790) who founded the port of Mogador (Essaouira) to promote trade with Europe.

👇🏼 #Morocco

He also oversaw the fortification of the #Sahara where he appointed many governors up to the #Senegal River. In the nineteenth century the country had to face threats again, the Spaniards were interested in the Moroccan Southwest; ...

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the French, who landed in the East after the Ottomans, attempted incursions into the Oujda area.

Sultan Moulay Abderrahmane (1822 – 1859) allied himself with Abd El-Kader who was finally defeated at the Battle of Isly (1844).

👇🏼#Morocco

His successors resist as best as they could to the European colonial appetites. Moulay Hassan even managed to repel the Spanish claims to Agadir and maintain his sovereignty as far south as the Oued Draâ.

👇🏼 #Morocco

In the same year Spain unilaterally proclaimed a "protectorate" on the Atlantic coast from Cap Boujdour to Cap Blanc.

However, uprisings of the Ouled Delim forced the Spanish to retreat to the small peninsula of Villa Cisneros from 1884 to 1894.

👇🏼#Morocco

Moulay Hassan asserts his rights by consolidating his military positions in Tiznit, Gulimine, Assaka; he receives the homage of the notables of the Sahara and encourages them to fight.

👇🏼 #Morocco

On several occasions, he welcomed in Marrakech, Mohamed Moustapha nicknamed Mâ El Aïnin, who took the head of the Sahrawi tribes who fight against the establishment of the Spaniards in the Sahara.

👇🏼#Morocco

In 1896, Mâ El Aïnin went to the enthronement of Sultan Moulay Abdelaziz who decided to grant massive aid for the construction of Smara which was born in 1900. Meanwhile the Reguibat have taken Tindouf.

Smara became the heart of the liberation struggle.

👇🏼#Morocco #Sahara

In 1905, Mâ El Aïnin received a delegation from the sovereign, and brought together all the Saharan tribes of the Tekna and Reguibat confederations who made the ritual allegiance to the sultan and proclaimed their fidelity. 

👇🏼#Morocco #Sahara

In 1906, the caïd of the Adrar Moulay Idriss, is sent by the commander of the believers, the sultan, at the head of a Harka which advances to the Adrar which has become a citadel against the French push from Senegal.

👇🏼#Morocco

In 1908 the Moroccans liberated most of Western Sahara, but the France reacted in the north by occupying Chaouïa and the Casablanca region.

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Mâ El Aïnin and his troops tried to support Sultan Moulay Abdelaziz by confronting the French during a two-month battle at Tadla (June and July 1910), crushed by the superiority of fire of their opponents, the Saharian Harkas were massacred heroically...👇🏼

Mâ El Aïnin died a few months later after his retreat to Tiznit.

👇🏼#Morocco

On November 27, 1912 (after the signing of the protectorate with Sultan Moulay Hafid), the France and Spain signed a convention, denounced by the sultan, which debruised the country: 

👇🏼 #Morocco

•Tangier becomes an international zone. 
•Most of Morocco came under French protectorate. 
•Spain is assigned the region of Ifni, the Moroccan Sahara, and the North (the Rif region).

👇🏼#Morocco

Moulay Youssef succeeded his brother Moulay Hafid who abdicated in August 1912.

Since there is a new commander of the believers, the Moroccan people are starting to hope again.

👇🏼#Morocco

Thus the Reguibats rose up at Seguiet El Hamra from 1925 to 1934, under the leadership of Mohamed El Mansour and the north with Abd El Krim Al Khattabi...

👇🏼#Morocco

In 1927, Moulay Youssef died and was replaced by his son Sidi Mohammed Ben Youssef , the future Mohammed V is only 18 years old:

👇🏼#Morocco

It will however not take long to reveal a strong personality, an intransigent patriotism, an incomparable ardor to lead his country on the road to independence.

#Morocco #Moroccofirst #MoroccanPatriots