Finally, read the Bolivian Amazon civilization paper: they call it a "agrarian-based, low-density urbanism" similar to that seen in other parts of the world. 2 thoughts came to mind. In at least south east Asia/archipelago & Lanka such urbanism was brought
nature.com/articles/s4158…
from higher density non-rainforest regions rather than rising there "out of thin air" or should we say water. Did the same happen in Amazonia? Perhaps the genetic connections of the Amazonians to others coming up in some studies suggests this. The 2nd is the pyramid architecture
Pyramids are seen in North America (Mississippian pyramids) that in some ways are reminiscent of the early Mesoamerican pyramids of the Olmecs. Of course, the subsequent Mesoamerican pyramids are legendary. Then we have the South American ones in Equador (Cochasquí)& Peru (Caral)
the latter apparently starting early, perhaps earlier than Olmec. We also have Túcume in Peru. Now we have these pyramids of the Bolivian Casarabe culture. I do realize that pyramid architecture has arisen among many unrelated cultures across the world. However, the 1st Americans
have a relatively recent common origin. Hence, was there a common origin for their propensity to make large pyramids stemming from some deep religious homology? Or was there some kind of long-range pre-Columbian diffusion from a single culture? Or was it inspired by visions from
entheogen use by the 1st Americans. It seems in 378CE the great Teotihuacan emperor Spearthrower Owl& his general Fire-is-born conquered a huge swath of Mesoamerica from Mexico to Honduras suggesting foundations of unified tradition in that domain. Did other such events happen?
On Spearthrower Owl's empire etc: science.org/content/articl…

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May 29
Against the grain of mainstream occidentally inspired historians of the current era who are big on downsizing gupta-s, I'd say the gupta run was unique for having a 4-5 generation excellence. In classical historical India it exceeded there was never one like it before or after.
In many ways, it was a defining event for the H nation beginning or completing the transition from:
1. the vaidika metaphor of the state to the tAntro-pauranic 1;
2. From the arthashAstric to the dharmashAstric state;
3. multifocal to temple-centric urbanism;
4. Localization to massive centralization in civil engineering & religious expertise.
This template was refined for almost 6 further centuries before the curtains came down on the H with the coming of ekarAkShasatvam
Read 10 tweets
May 28
From a H perspective, 1 sees several convergences & some divergences between TSP & Ukr. Even if you subscribe to counterfactual ideas that plague the modern H 1 cannot deny that the ancient urbanity of the Panjab is the mother of all Indian cities& the root of Indian civilization
Similarly, the Ukr was the mother of the Rus cities & at the heart of their rise. However, it was lost to the core Rus much like sindhu & the pA~nchanada to the H. However, the dynamics of that was different. The prolonged intra-Slavic struggle between the Polish power center &
the Rus is rather divergent from the situation in bhArata. TSP should be correctly seen as the remnant of the marUnmatta Mogol state & residual India, however flawed, weak & damaged, as some kind of fructification of the H resurrection following the triumph of the ghazi-s under
Read 11 tweets
May 26
In this Olivelle mentions the idea of anumita-shruti or the inferred shruti to account for aspects of dharma that aren't directly found in the shruti. Several seem to take this as a fictitious thing invented by the later authors to account for a vaidika
pramANa. However, we believe we should take the same attitude towards it as we take in biological or linguistic evolution. In cellular organisms, there is a strong conserved core set of genes that is v.small with respect to the entire complement of genes. This core was definitely
there in the common ancestor of all living organisms. It relates to some essential information transmission functions of the cell. However, this doesn't mean that the common ancestor did not have other functions. A subset of them existed even in the common ancestory but were not
Read 7 tweets
May 11
A mysterious deity Zqyqa of pre-Abrahamistic Arabians from the Hatra temple complex. He is believed to be the master of the netherworld with a dog. Note trishUla with likely lunar deity -an iconographic parallel across Eurasia. The Hatra vandalized by the Khilafat few years back
He appears to have manifested in a benign form above & a fierce form here. The IE influences are clear: the dog; here 3-headed as yavana Kerberos. His axe is again an IE influence. The time deity on the trishUla has both the solar ray & lunar crescent. To the other side is the
West Semitic goddess Ashtart (= East Semitic Ishtar) on throne with 2 lions; On her crown sits an eagle, while below here are the 2 fishes indicating the astronomical symbol of the colure in Pisces. It is not clear if the weapon in her hand is a club. Below the Kerberos is a 2nd
Read 6 tweets
Apr 29
SM has raised a bit of conflict in me thus: On 1 hand I think H should be educated about the texts as they are rather their 2nd had imaginations regarding them. On the other hand I agree with the below -- average H education is simply too poor for them to meaningfully apprehend
"difficult" texts that need nuance & historical context. While this may sound elitist, this is exactly what SM has taught me. There is a certain body of anti-intellectual H who are simply not capable of seeing "difficult" texts as they are leave along points where the text is a
bit indirect but has an implication that can be deeply troubling to their sensitivities. In large part, I see this as a result of the broad tendency to accept Abrahmistically inspired fashions that are coercively imposed on the rest of the world by the power of the Occident. The
Read 10 tweets
Apr 29
A 🧵branch from previous RT. While skanda & ShaShThI are the most common deities on the coins of yaudheya& kuninda republics from the Panjab confederation they also issued several shiva coins, 1 was this chatur-dAm (tetradrachm) with a tricephalic umA-maheshvara. mahesha tramples
a dAnava -- a prototype of the apasmara demon -- the agent of mental disease in the south Indian dakShiNAmUrti iconography. To his left stands umA embracing rudra. somewhat clearer in this exemplar: These were issued by kuninda, yaudheya or both jointly. The opposite side showed
the famous deer of these gaNa-rAjya-s. The second type was the one posted here:

In both these rudra holds a trident-headed halberd. Faintly seen in the first exemplar of the above. The same weapon is also held by skanda in some of the earliest depictions
Read 9 tweets

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