First up at #BYSTANDER22: @RebekahKTromble on a trauma-informed approach to support experts facing online harassment. How can journalists and experts take back the Internet? That is the focus of the project "Expert Voices Together". 1/11
"Expert Voices Together" is a "rapid socio-technial response system" that provides supports for journalists & experts that face online harassment. The basis is insights from trauma-informed care. 2/11
The problem? There is a low trust in our info-ecosystem. Those sharing trustworthy info (experts + journalists) are themselves targeted (online insults, stalking, threats etc.). The platforms provide little help, don't make it easy & people feel it doesn't matter. 3/11
Reporting to platforms also require scrolling through harassing tweets and report them individually, potentially increasing trauma.
7 of 10 of female journalists worldwide report online threats. For 2 of 10, it leads to offline safety concerns. It is not a small problem. 4/11
Qualitative interviews indicate that we need to talk about online harassment as an "occupational hazard". It is the *work* that put people at risk. Otherwise, institutions don't take responsibility but put it on individuals. 5/11
Targets often blame themselves too. To counteract, knowledgable peer-support is key. Help needs to come from peers, not just faceless bystanders who often offer more vague support. However, concrete comments from the broad audience on the value of one's work also does help. 6/11
The typical user experience of expert voices facing a direct online campaign: Can go to an interface from "Expert Voices Together". Stage 1 is "intake" where info is exchanged. 7/11
Stage 2: the expert receives a dedicated "case manager" that processes initial info and reaches out. 8/11
Stage 3: Presentation of the toolkit. The expert has complete control over what to do and when. One tool is digital safety & security protocols. Most important is "community care protocols": Know that there are others in your corner that could be brought in to support. 9/11
The "case manager" also offers to meditate with employers or social network. The core principle: "Expert Voices Together" does the work of building community support in order for the target to receive care without needing to do the work in the middle of a crisis. 10/11
A final personal note from myself: This is 100 % important work. Thank you for doing it, Rebekah! 11/11
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Now keynote at #BYSTANDER22 by @DG_Rand on the problem of misinformation and how polarization might solve the problem.
The key question is: How do we fight misinformation at scale? 1/19
Currently, platforms are using technical solutions such as machine learning etc. But there are limits to this solution. These limits often entails that human fact-checkers are brought in. This *does* work. Warning labels limits false news. 2/19
The problem with fact-checking is that it doesn't scale. How can we deal with misinformation at scale?
The solution is to turn towards the wisdom of the crowds (i.e., the finding that aggregations of average people's opinions are often very accurate). 3/19
At #BYSTANDER22@jrpsau presents our research on how an intervention by @SSTSundhed during the pandemic decreased false news sharing by boosting people's competence in spotting "fake news". 1/5
One intervention often recommended is "accuracy nudges". These assume that people have an intrinsic motivation to be accurate but leave people on their own re: how to spot "fake news".
In risk communication, however, the recommendation is always to give *actionable* advice. 2/5
According to Protection Motivation Theory, actionable advice boosts feelings of competence and efficacy that drives behavior. 3/5
Many different factors shape people's beliefs in disinformation. But most research is variable-centered. Here, a *person-centered* approach is used. 1/7
A person-centered approach focuses on whether different types of disinfo speaks to different people. This approach is here used in the polarized Hungarian context, where the term "fake news" is often used to delegitimize the other side. 2/7
295 participants were recruited. They rated the accuracy of news stories (true and false). Multiple factors related to trust were measured and then cluster analysis was applied. 3/7
At #BYSTANDER22@Sacha_Altay presents on how effective fact-checking, nudges & literacy is against misinformation.
Many interventions are being tested & have been shown to be effective, but short-lived, in the lab. BUT they do not reflect our info eco-systems. 1/7
News consumption is low. Unreliable news may be 5 % of their news diet and even less of media diet. People spend more time on porn (!) than news. Political news consumption is even smaller. 2/7
People's false beliefs does not reflect that they are misinformed but because they are uninformed. Enhancing engagement with reliable news is more important than fighting misinfo. 3/7
Young people are massive users of social media but abilities to detect misinfo is limited. Much misinfo research focus on the content of misinfo. But what about the source? 1/7
Development involve multiple factors that can shape kids' reactions to misinfo. Social group membership influence young people's acceptance of information. Info from ingroups is strongly preferred. Rather than seeking accuracy, children may prioritize loyalty. 2/7
Children uses three domains of knowledge in reasoning (cf. Social Domain Theory): Moral, social and personal. Depending on developmental stage, children will prioritize different domains. 3/7
At #Bystander22@StefSelmer presents on our research on extreme misogyny including violent extremism - and its potential relationship to individual differences in sociosexuality. 1/7
Extreme misogyny and violent extremism is often seen as an extreme face of (parts of) the incel community. Why could there be this link? 2/7
Potentially because of "sociosexual mismatches": That violence emerges from frustrated sexual desires - and extreme misogyny is a reflection of a "revenge strategy" against the women they desire. 3/7