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Jeff Gilchrist Profile picture
@jeffgilchrist
Jun 21, 2022 • 8 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
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COVID-19: Comic and video explanation of transmission

Multiple years into the pandemic and many still don't understand how the airborne transmission of respiratory viruses like COVID-19 work. 🧵1/
The Aerosol Science Research Center in Taiwan has put together an explainer comic and video for people to more easily understand ( aerosol.nsysu.edu.tw/en/scopes/108 ). 2/
The youtube video can be found here ( ). 3/
Hopefully this will help people understand that being in a closed meeting room of people for multiple hours with people spaced exactly 2m apart is not sufficient to prevent transmission from a virus that travels in the air. 4/
With poor ventilation those virosols (virus-laden aerosols) can remain in the air for hours so you might even get infected by someone who was in the previous meeting and is not even there any more. 5/
Surface cleaning does *not* stop airborne transmission and physical barriers like plexiglass can actually disrupt air flow and trap higher concentrations of aerosols making things worse. 6/
How do you reduce the chance of airborne transmission?
- improve ventilation & air filtration
- wear mask with proper fit (N95 or better)
- avoid clustering
- keep physical distance (2m is not sufficient for aerosols)

7/
"We are exposed to massively more pollutants, toxins, and pathogens via air than food and water." so fixing and improving air quality helps with so much more than just COVID-19 ( ). Image by @akm5376 8/

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More from @jeffgilchrist

Jeff Gilchrist Profile picture
Feb 10
#Ottawa, #Ontario, #Canada Virus Update:

You can see in the graph, COVID makes up the majority of new hospitalizations due to #Flu, #RSV or #COVID throughout the year, and even stays ahead during winter respiratory virus season. 🧵1/ A line graph displaying the percentage of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, Influenza, or RSV over time, from September 1, 2023, to January 26, 2025. The x-axis represents weeks within this period, and the y-axis shows percentages from 0% to 100%. The graph has three colored lines: blue for COVID-19, purple for Influenza, and teal for RSV. The graph shows fluctuations in the percentage of hospitalizations due to each cause over time, with COVID-19 consistently having the highest percentage, followed by Influenza and RSV.
New hospitalizations are increasing again. This last update was the first time Flu hospitalizations (42) were significantly higher than COVID (34) in the same week with RSV at 14 people. 2/ The bar chart shows the number of new hospitalizations per week in Ottawa from August 27, 2023, to January 26, 2025. The y-axis represents the number of patients, ranging from 0 to 100. The x-axis represents the weeks. The bars are color-coded: blue for COVID-19, purple for Influenza, and teal for RSV. The chart shows fluctuations in hospitalizations over time, with notable peaks around December 2023 and January 2025.
In Ottawa, test positivity for Flu A (bright green) has really increased, COVID is still in second place, but seasonal human coronavirus is almost the same level, followed by Entero/Rhinovirus, and then RSV for the top 5. 3/ A stacked area chart displaying the percentage of positive tests for various viruses over time, from October 1, 2022, to January 26, 2025. The x-axis represents weeks within this period, while the y-axis represents the percentage, cumulatively stacked to 100%. The chart features the following viruses, each depicted in a distinct color: COVID-19 (red), Entero/Rhinovirus (yellow), Seasonal human coronavirus (purple), RSV (green), Parainfluenza (all types) (blue), Influenza B (dark purple), Influenza A (light green), Human metapneumovirus (pink), and Adenovirus (dark blue). The data shows fluc...
Read 6 tweets
Jeff Gilchrist Profile picture
Jan 20
Similar to #Canada, babies in the #UK are at higher risk for #hospitalization and #ICU admission from #COVID. Their data looks deeper at infants < 6 months old which have higher ER attendance, hospital admission and severe hospitalisation rates than the oldest adults 90+! 🧵1/
That data from the UK was taken from this pre-print study ( ). 2/medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
In Canada, babies < 1 years old had the highest ICU admission rates of all age groups from Aug. 27, 2023 to Aug. 24, 2024. Read on to see more details including Flu and RSV too ( ). 3/
Read 7 tweets
Jeff Gilchrist Profile picture
Jan 19
The @elastomaskpro () is a NIOSH approved reusable N95 elastomeric respirator. It is made of silicone so a higher chance it will fit and seal well and is super breathable at the same time. Read on to find out more about my experience with it. 🧵1/ elastomaskpro.comA blue respirator mask, called ElastoMaskPro, rests on top of a blue and white box. The mask has a smooth, curved design with two circular filters on each side. The mask's straps are neatly arranged.
A light blue ElastoMaskPro N95 reusable respirator mask with a soft, flexible facepiece rests on top of its packaging box. The mask features a large opening in the center, showcasing white pleated filters. Two elastic straps are attached to the mask for securing it to the face.
Full disclosure: ElastoMaskPro sent me a unit to evaluate. There were no strings attached, they just asked that I provided feedback after I tried it. This thread is the first time they are seeing my feedback, they did not review anything before it being posted here. 2/
The ElastoMaskPro is very cost effective at the current sale price of $29.99 which includes two N95 filtering pucks. You can continue using the filters until they either get too dirty or there is increased breathing resistance. 3/ ElastoMaskPro Filter Puck. Filter Pucks are constructed using an adhesive-free process that incorporates a large volume of long-lasting, highly durable mechanical filtration media.
Read 43 tweets
Jeff Gilchrist Profile picture
Jan 6
#Ottawa, #Ontario, #Canada Virus Update:

Ottawa updated its #respiratory #virus data again after a break for the holidays, respiratory related ED visits are up especially in kids 0-3, then 4-11 and age 80+. 🧵1/ A line graph showing the number of respiratory-related emergency department (ED) visits per 100,000 population by week, from September 1, 2023, to November 1, 2024, across different age groups. Six lines represent the age groups: Age 0-3 (purple), Age 4-11 (blue), Age 12-17 (green), Age 18-54 (yellow), Age 55-79 (red), and Age 80+ (orange). The Age 0-3 group shows the highest number of visits, peaking around 1000 visits per 100,000 population, while other age groups generally have rates below 250 visits per 100,000 population. The graph exhibits seasonal fluctuations, with peaks in the wint...
Quite a mixture of different viruses testing positive in the lab right now so people can pick up a variety of bugs in the air. 2/ A stacked area chart displaying the percentage of positive tests for various viruses over time, from October 1, 2022, to December 22, 2024. The x-axis represents weeks within this period, while the y-axis represents the percentage, cumulatively stacked to 100%. The chart features the following viruses, each depicted in a distinct color: COVID-19 (red), Entero/Rhinovirus (yellow), Seasonal human coronavirus (blue), RSV (green), Parainfluenza (purple), Influenza B (light blue), Influenza A (light green), Human metapneumovirus (pink), and Adenovirus (dark blue). COVID-19 maintains a high posit...
New hospitalizations also jumped a lot in the last two reporting weeks, not just due to #RSV but a big spike in #COVID as well.

Follow the latest updates here ( ). 3/ covid.gilchrist.ca/Ottawa.htmlThe bar chart shows the number of new hospitalizations per week in Ottawa from August 27, 2023, to December 22, 2024. The y-axis represents the number of patients, ranging from 0 to 100. The x-axis represents the weeks. The bars are color-coded: blue for COVID-19, purple for Influenza, and teal for RSV. The chart shows fluctuations in hospitalizations, with peaks around late 2023 and early 2024, and another peak towards the end of 2024.
A line graph displaying the percentage of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, Influenza, or RSV over time, from September 1, 2023, to December 22, 2024. The x-axis represents weeks within this period, and the y-axis shows percentages from 0% to 100%. The graph has three colored lines: blue for COVID-19, purple for Influenza, and teal for RSV. COVID-19 consistently shows the highest percentage of hospitalizations, with fluctuations throughout the period.
Read 4 tweets
Jeff Gilchrist Profile picture
Dec 24, 2024
#Variant update for #Ontario, #Canada (to Dec 10, 2024)

The KP.3.1.1 #DeFLuQE variant has finally been surpassed with XEC now in top place above 20% while the other 5 (MC.* and XEC.* descendants) remain < 7%. Graph tools by @Mike_Honey_ 🧵1/ A line graph showing the lineage frequency of the top 7 COVID-19 genomes in Ontario, Canada, up to December 10, 2024. The graph includes data from 4,928 sequenced genomes. The x-axis represents dates from October 27 to December 08, while the y-axis represents lineage frequency percentages from 0% to 35%. Different colored lines represent different genome lineages: KP.3.1.1 (blue), MC.1 (green), MC.13 (purple), MC.16 (pink), MC.24 (orange), XEC (brown), and XEC.8 (yellow). Below the main graph, there is a bar chart showing the number of samples (n) collected each day, ranging from 0 to 200 s...
XEC is a combination of KP.3.3 and KS.1.1 that recombined together. MC.1 is a direct descendant of KP.3.1.1 with one spike mutation at T571I. To learn more about how variant naming works, you can read this article I wrote with @paulseaman31 ( ). 2/docs.google.com/document/d/1q0…
This Sankey graph shows the proportion of variants from PCR test genomic sequencing in Ontario since October 27, 2024. You can follow the lineage backwards to see where a variant is a descendant from. 3/ The Sankey diagram visually displays the evolution and distribution of sequenced genomes in Ontario, Canada, up to December 10, 2024. The diagram uses colored bars and curved lines to show the flow and relationships between different genome variants over time. Each variant is labeled, such as "XEC," "BA.2," "BA.2.86," "JN.1," "KP.3," and various sub-variants. These bars and lines illustrate the transitions and derivations from one variant to another. The total number of sequenced genomes depicted is 4,928. This visualization helps to underst...
Read 16 tweets
Jeff Gilchrist Profile picture
Dec 22, 2024
Population rate vs raw numbers

This is a good example of why it is useful to understand the importance of population *rate* and not just look at raw numbers. The first graph shows raw numbers and the second graph population rate. 🧵1/ #ED #Respiratory #Virus #Population #Ottawa Chart of Respiratory Related ED Visits by Week and Age (Ottawa, ON, Canada) with raw numbers
Chart of Respiratory Related ED Visits by Week and Age (Ottawa, ON, Canada) with population rate per 100K
Ottawa Public Health makes only the raw data available for All causes and respiratory-related emergency department visits to Ottawa hospitals by age group and week ( ). 2/open.ottawa.ca/datasets/ottaw…
If I take the data and plot all the ages together, you can at least see all of the age groups at the same time but it is just the raw numbers. 3/
Read 12 tweets

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