COVID-19: Comic and video explanation of transmission

Multiple years into the pandemic and many still don't understand how the airborne transmission of respiratory viruses like COVID-19 work. 🧵1/
The Aerosol Science Research Center in Taiwan has put together an explainer comic and video for people to more easily understand ( aerosol.nsysu.edu.tw/en/scopes/108 ). 2/
The youtube video can be found here ( ). 3/
Hopefully this will help people understand that being in a closed meeting room of people for multiple hours with people spaced exactly 2m apart is not sufficient to prevent transmission from a virus that travels in the air. 4/
With poor ventilation those virosols (virus-laden aerosols) can remain in the air for hours so you might even get infected by someone who was in the previous meeting and is not even there any more. 5/
Surface cleaning does *not* stop airborne transmission and physical barriers like plexiglass can actually disrupt air flow and trap higher concentrations of aerosols making things worse. 6/
How do you reduce the chance of airborne transmission?
- improve ventilation & air filtration
- wear mask with proper fit (N95 or better)
- avoid clustering
- keep physical distance (2m is not sufficient for aerosols)

7/
"We are exposed to massively more pollutants, toxins, and pathogens via air than food and water." so fixing and improving air quality helps with so much more than just COVID-19 ( ). Image by @akm5376 8/

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More from @jeffgilchrist

Jun 22
COVID-19: Aerosol particle emissions increases exponentially above moderate exercise

During the pandemic we have seen lots of superspreader events happening at gyms. This research paper helps explain why ( pnas.org/doi/full/10.10… ). H/T: @fitterhappierAJ 🧵1/
If you need a refresher, an explanation of how aerosol transmission works with respiratory viruses can be found here in the form of a comic and video ( ). 2/
It seems that the emission of aerosol particles from people exercising increases on average 132x from rest to maximal exercise. The emissions increase moderately up to an exercise intensity of 2 W/kg and exponentially at higher exercise intensities. 3/ Image
Read 11 tweets
Jun 20
COVID-19: Week in review

Tweets last week related to COVID-19 in case you missed them. 🧵1/
Ontario ending mask mandates, removing visual/graph data and vaccine app


2/
Speed of variant changes in wastewater measurements and mutations


3/
Read 7 tweets
Jun 20
COVID-19: Justin Bieber's Face Paralysis

Justin Bieber is suffering facial paralysis from Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. This is actually caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox in children and shingles in adults ( ). 🧵1/
Once infected the virus (VZV) doesn't leave your body but stays dormant with your immune system keeping it in check. You can get flare ups which come back as shingles in later life as your immune system weakens but it is unusual for someone young and healthy to get it. 2/
Justin Bieber and his wife were both infected with COVID-19 in the past year and then reinfected again in Feb. 2022. COVID-19 has been seen to cause immune system dysfunction for more than a year in some people and also reactive dormant viruses. 3/
Read 14 tweets
Jun 17
COVID-19: BA.4/BA.5 summer wave starting in Ontario?

According to the wastewater data and PCR sequencing it looks like a new wave may be starting already again in Ontario and Ottawa.🧵1/
Today is the last day that daily COVID-19 data is being released by the province so it will also be harder for people to monitor the impacts going forward. 2/
From the Ottawa wastewater data you can see the levels are starting to increase again ( gilchrist.ca/jeff/COVID-19/… ). The interval between waves has been decreasing as you can see in the graphs between Delta, Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2, and now Omicron BA.4/5. 3/
Read 14 tweets
Jun 13
COVID-19: Viral characteristics of BA.4/BA.5 & BA.2.12.1

The newest Omicron variants BA.4 and BA.5 have been spreading around the world and now growing in Canada and the USA. 🧵1/
They appear to have enhanced replication in lung cells compared to BA.2 and is more fusogenic and pathogenic than BA.2 in an animal model ( biorxiv.org/content/10.110… ). 2/
Sato Lab has looked at BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 which seem to have an effective reproduction number 1.2x higher than BA.2 so even more transmissible ( ). 3/
Read 22 tweets
Jun 12
COVID-19: Speed of variant changes in wastewater measurements and mutations

Looking at the RNA frequencies in wastewater data from the Twin Cities in Minnesota shows a fascinating view of just how fast new COVID-19 variants take over ( ). 🧵1/
Much faster than the flu, once a new variant is introduced, it becomes dominant very quickly. You can see from the graph that especially with the newer Omicron variants, BA.1 (green) shoots up almost vertically. 2/
Then only 2 months later Omicron BA.2 (red) is still able to displace BA.2 within weeks. BA.2.12.1 then came along (blue) but you can see that Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 (yellow) have started their climb only a couple of weeks after BA.2.12.1 showed up. 3/
Read 14 tweets

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