Important study of #rapidtests in children

~50% Pos children still Pos for days AFTER @CDCgov guidance says they can return (at 5 days)

Among those tested via virus culture, ALL culture Pos specimens were Rapid Ag Pos and Vice Versa

Test to Exit!

1/

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Importantly, numerous children were still #rapidtest Pos AND virus culture Pos as long as 14 days out!

Even though they had NO symptoms!

Symptoms often reflect how your body is doing with the virus...

Which is VERY different than whether you are infectious!

2/
This is a good opportunity to point out how magnificently different viral loads can be that are virus culture or Rapid Ag Pos

Some are 10^4 and some 10^8.5

So... even among specimens that are culture positive, there is a massive gradient in transmissibility

3/
It's important to remember that being infectious isn't just Yes or No

It's a gradient:

Not infectious -->
Mildly infectious -->
Moderate -->
HIGH -->
Superspreader....

A faint rapid test band or a culture that takes 3-4 days (vs 4hrs...) to turn pos is likely mild

4/
But by far, the biggest take away from this paper is:

Do NOT assume you are no longer infectious just because your symptoms are gone and it's been 5 days.

In this study 50% kids were still potentially infectious (culture Positive & rapid test Pos) & No symptoms >5 days

5/
So if you are positive on a rapid test

Assume you are still infectious

Take the appropriate precautions to not infect those around you

Rapid Antigen Testing before leaving isolation is by far the BEST way to know whether you are still potentially infectious

6/

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More from @michaelmina_lab

Jun 18
w Breakthrough infections

Our immune system provides early warning

SYMPTOMS

now start when or BEFORE infectivity begins

(vs PRE-symptomatic spread, common if no existing immunity)

If you feel symptoms, ASSUME INFECTIOUS - mask at minimum

If you test Neg, test 24 hrs later
Almost all infections today are breakthroughs

So even if the virus hasn’t grown up enough to turn a test Pos at moment symptom start

with how infectious new variants are, it is important to consider symptoms as a first indicator of being infectious

Like we do w flu!

2/
And take appropriate precautions.

Test again 24-48 hrs later

By that time, the virus will usually have grown up enough to turn a test positive

IF your immune system succeeds in battling it down though, the test may never turn pos - good (though frustrating for ppl)

3/
Read 6 tweets
Jun 18
IMPORTANT NEW DATA

"AM I INFECTIOUS?"

Rapid Tests remain the best to answer this!

Rapid Tests are VERY Sensitive AND Specific for infectious virus

PCR is Sensitive but *NOT* Specific

(PCR creates many false Pos results when the question is "do I have infectious virus?")

1/ Image
A CRITICAL aspect of this data...

Although Rapid Antigen Tests detected only 41% of PCR Pos people

(and only 12% if people were Asymptomatic)

They detected **96%** of all people with infectious virus!

(and 100% of Asymptomatic people with Infectious virus!!)

2/ Image
That's Right...

The rapid test only detected 12% of PCR positive ppl who do not have symptoms... Whoa!! 😡

... This is GOOD, because they DID catch 100% of those ppl with Infectious virus!!

It means that Rapid tests are great at telling the CORRECT ppl to isolate😻

3/
Read 10 tweets
Jun 11
This week

I discovered there is a large # of ppl who’ve been led to believe T cells are bad for us & responsible for COVID death

Some even ask for trials to prove T-cell benefit… hm

T cells protect

W severe disease, immunity can induce harm, YES, but it doesn’t mean it’s bad
I don’t believe the person leading the “Anti-T cell” charge means to confuse ppl to think T cells are plain harmful

BUT - the rhetoric led many folks down a path of confusion… without deep knowledge of how immune system works, have jumped to “T cells kill us” conclusions

2/
Why did I turn off replies on this thread?

Bc this is an extremely heated discussion among ppl who feel T cells are just plain harmful.

I don’t want to have to deal w the immense number of replies I’d get to the thread

But scientifically, I feel it important to weigh in

3/
Read 5 tweets
Jun 9
THREAD

Why are T cells SO imptnt to stop disease for a virus that keeps mutating?

Bc unlike antibody, T cells dont care what part of the virus they recognize

VERY important for a virus that keeps changing!

& Why single protein vaccines dont take full advantage of immunity

1/
I'll explain

An antibody works by physically binding to a part of the virus and blocking that part from doing its job.

So, if SARS-CoV-2 infects a cell using its Spike protein

Then an effective antibody works by binding the spike immobilizing it and blocking it.

So...

2/
If the virus wants to bind using Spike, it needs to get around that antibody

It tries out (ie mutates) slightly different versions of its Spike until it finds a version that

i) Is NOT recognized by the antibody

AND

ii) Still can function to bind and infect the cell

3/
Read 18 tweets
Jun 5
A remarkable view into the biology of this virus and just how fast new (sub)variants take over

For flu - its on order of months/years when sweeps occurs

With SARS-CoV-2, immunity & high transmissibility put pressure on the virus to shapeshift - and the most fit sweeps
Figure above of wastewater RNA frequencies for each variant in the Twin Cities from @dhmontgomery

Of not the sweeps in a single city are faster than global - so the comparison to flu on a global scale isn’t exactly correct, but the point remains - this virus changes fast
There were many people at the beginning who felt this virus would follow a trend of slow mutations - I never agreed w that. The difference is this is a new virus and arrived as a “baby virus” not nearly optimized. So we are watching it get optimized “within” the human species.
Read 5 tweets
May 31
With COVID, and all infections:

Symptoms occur for at least 2 VERY different reasons

1) Immunity Fighting the infection (fever, congestion)

2) The infection winning & causing harm (lose smell, breathing issues)

Symptoms do NOT define if you are infectious, the virus does!

1/
With breakthrough Infections, the primary reason for initial symptoms is #1 above - the immune system is working - fighting the virus

It may be considered a success of immunity if you are symptomatic and never have a high enough virus load to turn a rapid test positive

2/
But w breakthroughs, it also means that your (immune) symptoms may start very early, before the virus grows high

If you test early (w PCR or rapid), you may be negative right then, but may turn positive in an hour, or in 2 days.

If neg, test again to know

3/
Read 9 tweets

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