There is, as there often is in claims that SEEM tautologous, an EQUIVOCATION at play.
I assert that "representative democracy SHOULD NOT be representative."
That is "Representative-in-sense-1 democracy should not be representative-in-sense-2."
Representative-in-sense-1 or R1 for short means that the people choose from among their number those they wish to represent them in the business of making laws and running the polity.
Representative-in-sense-2 or R2 means "having persons who make the laws and run the polity not chosen freely by the people, but chosen according to quotas to attempt to create a demographical mirror of the polity as a whole."
That is, the thought here is that blacks should only be "represented" by blacks, whites by whites, women by women, Jews by Jews, gays by gays,
In the first case, an elected public servant "represents" you because you have delegated him with the responsibility of advancing what you think should be advanced, because you picked him for his values and political philosophy and his character.
In the second case, the person "represents" you in a manner much like a voodoo doll or effigy of you does: it *looks like* you, so it *is* you by proxy, magically.
R1 is an imperfect but good system, since they people may be represented by those they have chosen.
R2 is a bad system, since it depends for its "goodness" essentially on voodoo and magic, which don't actually work/exist
I know that "representation" and "looking like X" (e.g. "looking like America") have become fashionable buzzwords in the past decade or so, but they are not particularly desirable goods, and definitely not in the political realm.
Not in the political realm I say because in order to bring about R2 representation, it will be necessary to severely limit the people's freedom to R1 select their representatives.
Shall women by forced to vote ONLY for women, by law?
Should a half-black, half-asian, disabled, lesbian, Muslim be ALLOW ONLY TO VOTE FOR ONE OF THOSE, by law?
What if there aren't any?
"Your vote doesn't count because there's no one who CAN represent you."
The same problem with persons also occurs with places.
Should people living in a place be forbidden to choose representatives from that place because we "need" to do R2 demographic engineering?
Are all people in the same city required to vote for a single race?
What about the others in the city?
If a city is "you can only elect whites" by law, how is fair to force black people only to vote for the white people who cannot, by hypothesis, "represent" them?
In other words, not only is R2 "representation" not desirable, since it depends on voodoo-thinking, it isn't achievable without sacrificing the freedom given in R1 representation to vote for who you want to.
The only way to cause the legislature to "look like" the cross-section of all demographics—if it is possible AT ALL, which is doubtful—would be to present a full legislature and have people simply vote "yes" or "no" on it.
MINIMUM FREEDOM OF CHOICE, in other words.
This is obvious if you think about it for 1 minute.
The more you maximize freedom of choice to the people, the less you can guarantee an a prior outcome you desire as a target.
If you want R2, you have to sacrifice R1 to get it, if you can get, which you can't.
Another reason you cannot have R2 representation is due to intersectionality.
A black woman cannot represent black men nor non-black women.
Only black women.
But she has many, many more demographic markers, which will exclude more and more people.
The people at the very top of the "progressive stack," the pinnacle of oppression (we are told) will not be allowed ANY representatives, since we cannot make a ~430 person legislature THAT FINE GRAINED.
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
We always have to take care around the category "socially constructed" because human beings are, by nature, rational animals, animals with λόγος—and this makes us ANIMALS THAT FORM SOCIETIES.
This means that our ways of knowing things, which are primarily discursive, involve language, and language is a social phenomenon par excellence.
A very bad argument for "X is socially constructed is"
1 X is nothing more than the way we talk about X
2 How we talk is socially constructed
3 So X is socially constructed
The problem is that 1 is almost always false in the cases in which people use this argument.
Tried to take another one of those "political values" tests but got wrecked by bad questions. These are all Likert questions.
"Politicians should not exist."
What does this one even mean?
As in "we should genocide all the politicians" or "the rulers of the polis should be hereditary aristocrats" or "if we were not fallen, evil creatures, we would not need politicians" ?
That one stumped me for a while, so I hit "neutral" and moved on. Next question was
"Property shouldn't be held by few select individuals."
What?
It seems to be asking whether I think there are a "few select individuals" ... who should not be allowed to have property.
Not a real option. Cannot be done. To make this some kind of pseudo-goal is simply utopianism that will hurt many, many people.
Option 2: Remove all guns from a country or territory. Unlikely it could be done, and if it were, said country would be defenseless and, human beings being what they are, would be swallowed up right away by an aggressive country with guns,
My last cat, Marlowe, developed cancer at around age 7. He had a very big tumor under his front leg. I took part in an experiment regarding a cancer drug: for taking part in the trial, the surgery that removed Marlowe's leg and his medicines were free.
One third of the cats in the trial got a placebo and two thirds got the actual medicine. It was a good bet, because the medicine was proven effective in Europe, but the FDA requires American studies, and this was that. I don't know whether he got the placebo or the medicine.
It made no difference but a little more time. I had a few more months with an improved and generally happy three-legged kitty. But the cancer had spread through his body.
This appears to be an academic half-truth, one that "proves too much."
It quite true that the ancients did not have a concept of "sexuality" as we moderns do, or would have rejected the category. Ironically, this itself is sufficient evidence that the category is bogus.
If "sexuality" is a social construction it is false, because it would be a social construction that is constructed as a natural category, which it isn't, and so one which ought to be rejected and deconstruct.