Tony Breu Profile picture
Aug 8 4 tweets 2 min read
1/4 - The Mystery

A doctor is on overnight call in the hospital. They are also hooked up to continuous ECG monitoring.

🤔What might cause the following tracing?
2/4 - The Answer

📟 Being paged! 📟

This ECG is from a 31-year-old healthy physician just after being aroused by an "alarm call" while on-call in the hospital.

The associated study found that 63% of physicians experienced T-wave inversion when called!

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9283539/
3/4 - The Explanation

The transient T-wave inversions seen here are felt to reflect increased sympathetic tone.

Anyone who has held a pager overnight can attest to the surge of adrenaline that comes with each chirp, particularly when it wakes you from sleep.
4/4 - Postscript

These are an example of "sympathetic T-waves".

For more information, see this thread on another example of sympathetic T-waves: cerebral T-waves.

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
 

Keep Current with Tony Breu

Tony Breu Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @tony_breu

Aug 9
1/4 - The Mystery

Which of the following "Electro"-tests/treatments can lead to the T-waves changes seen below?

Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Electromyography (EMG) Image
2/4 - The Answer

⚡ECT!⚡

This ECG was from a 75-year-old patient undergoing ECT for the treatment of depression.

Subsequent testing found no evidence suggesting an acute coronary syndrome.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6615101/ Image
3/4 - The Explanation

The T-wave inversions seen with ECT are felt to reflect increased sympathetic tone, potentially from hypothalamic stimulation.

Their association with ECT was first reported in 1955.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14383953/ Image
Read 4 tweets
Aug 8
1/4 - The Mystery

You are admitting a patient with confusion. As part of the initial work-up, an ECG is obtained.

It is markedly abnormal.

🤔 What vitamin deficiency could lead to this ECG finding?
2/4 - The Answer

🧠B1 (thiamine) deficiency!🧠

The ECG is from a 49-year-old who presented with Wernicke’s encephalopathy secondary to B1 deficiency.

An MRI showed abnormal signal in the thalamus, mammillary bodies, and periventricular gray matter.

twtr.to/BXfK
3/4 - The Explanation

The authors suggested that the mechanism of these T-wave changes related to inflammation of the adjacent hypothalamus.

This would lead to increased sympathetic outflow to the heart.
Read 4 tweets
Aug 7
1/16
🤔Why does subarachnoid hemorrhage lead to deep/inverted "cerebral T-waves"?

This ECG finding is so dramatic. But as we will see, these patients often have normal hearts.

Why does an issue in the brain manifest on a test of the heart?
2/
Cerebral T-waves have been observed for decades.

🔑Though they have been seen in multiple forms of stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is most closely linked with their appearance.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13313536/
3/
In 1960, Cropp reported a case of T-wave inversions (TWI) secondary to SAH. Surgery was delayed for fear of myocardial infarction (MI).

An autopsy showed no evidence of MI or chronic coronary artery disease.

💡Something else was causing the TWI.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13812988/
Read 16 tweets
Jul 2
1/12
🤔Why does iron deficiency cause fatigue, even in the absence of anemia?

I have often equated iron with hemoglobin and oxygen-carrying capacity.

But there is so much more to it!
2/
It has been observed since the 1800s that one can experience fatigue in the setting of iron deficiency, even with a normal hemoglobin value.

And administering iron mitigates these symptoms.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13800263/
3/
It wasn't until 1960 that we saw RCT evidence support.

That year, Beutler published a study in which women with hemoglobin >12g/dL were randomized to iron supplementation or placebo.

🔑Those receiving iron had a greater improvement in symptoms.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13800263/
Read 12 tweets
Jun 23
1/6 - The Mystery

A patient presents with a serum B12 level above assay.

And yet, the clinician strongly suspects the patient has B12 deficiency.

🤔How might this occur?
2/6 - A Solution

💡Myeloproliferative disorders (e.g., CML, PV, ET) can lead to high B12 levels despite tissue level deficiency.
3/6 - An Explanation

📝The abnormal cells in myeloproliferative disorders secrete haptocorrin. When B12 binds haptocorrin it is less efficiently removed from the body.

Result: increased serum B12 levels

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5383307/ Image
Read 6 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!


This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us on Twitter!

:(