Sumerian city of Uruk, considered first civilized city in the world 6500 to 4000 BC. Uruk is located in southern Iraq. This city was first discovered in 1849 AD thanks to the English arch
aeologist William Lofts.
From Uruk, that first language in history was established, first literary epic in history, famous Gilgamesh epic and name of State of Iraq is taken from Uruk, birthplace of hero Gilgamesh. City is considered first inhabited city in the world and was inhabited by 1000s of people.
Uruk was famous for agriculture, trade, building schools, temples, ziggurats, fishing, raising livestock, plowing the land and cultivating wheat, barley and palm، Inhabitation continued in it until 600 BC.
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Agora, a large open space belonging to public in ancient Greek cities, where all kinds of political, religious and commercial activities took place, all public buildings are lined up, it is predecessor of forums that were shaped in Hellenistic period and emerged in Roman Empire.
First agoras were very simple in shape, and spaces with a lectern and seating were the scene of enthusiastic speeches. Religious festivals and theater performances were also held in agora at first.
In ancient texts, agora was used as a meeting place, market place, speech area, a time period, and it is also name of a town around Chersonese in Thrace. Agora was located in middle of the city or near the port and was surrounded by shops, columns, statues and trees.