1/ One of the differences between Linear A' and the newer Linear B' is the presence of texts of Linear A' outside the limits of the Aegean area and in fact in distant Israel, where two inscribed evidences of it have been found. #LinearA#TelLachish#TelHaror#Minoans
2/ The first inscribed evidence of Linear A in Israel was found at Tel Lachish in 1987. It was found engraved on the shoulder of a large limestone vessel, probably a large, deep bowl or krater, of which only this one large fragment was found.
3/ The inscribed sherd of the vessel, although it was found in a stratigraphic level chronologically connected to the first half of the 12th century BC, probably due to stratigraphic disturbance it comes from an earlier chronological level. Unless it was an heirloom.
4/ Its short inscription is rendered as MI 𐄁 RI-DA-U 𐄁 SE-JE and it presents five syllables, one fraction and two word separators. For many researchers, this inscription is disputed as a Linear A text, mainly because it seems to have been made of local material.
5/ The second inscribed evidence comes from the site of Tel Haror in the Negev Desert and was found in the period 1986-92 at Area K within a context dated during the MM III period (late 17th - early 16th century BC). It is an inscription on a pithus sherd.
6/ The analysis of the manufacture material of the vessel identifies the site of Myrtos Pyrgos in SE Crete as its possible place of origin. The inscription is rendered as MU ≈ WA-TE ≈ NI and probably contains ideograms rather than syllabograms.
7/ The vessel was probably associated with some local cultic activity, although it is difficult for me to accept a Minoan religious involvement in such a distant place. ➡️
➡️ The inscription features the logogram for the figs, the logogram for the cloth + TE and the logogram for the bull's head.
8/ The three points / ideograms appear in a different order on a four-sided bar of hieroglyphs from the Fourni Archanes Necropolis, known as the Archanes Formula and for this reason some researchers question its connection with Linear A.
9/ The site of Tel Haror was a strongly fortified city of the late Middle Bronze Age at a distance of 20 km from Gaza, where inside there was a magnificent palatial building in the Syriac style. To the south of the city was the Area K.
10/ At this Area there was an important cult place with an offering altar, surrounding repositories, offering stands (as incense burners), miniature votive vessels, zoomorphic vessels, animal and human figurines.
11/ In the courtyard of the place of worship, equids were found buried in a pit, while in various points inside the place of worship abundant animal bones were found, indicating a religious activity intertwined with the ritual killing of mainly young animals.
12/ It is reasonable to ask the question: what is a Minoan inscribed vase at Tel Haror asking for? The answer is given by the existence of storage spaces within the cult place. The uniqueness of the pithus determines a commercial character in the vessel.
13/ Perhaps it was used as an exotic offering by a local noble to the local deity; perhaps it contained some product that the priests of the place of worship buy from a Minoan merchant to use for the needs of the temple.
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1/ Ancient Greek texts refer to a mythical king of Crete with divine origins and extraordinary abilities, Minos. Thucydides reports that Minos was the most ancient king of Crete, who dominated the entire Aegean with a powerful fleet (Minoan Thalassocracy). #Minoans
2/ He had the perspicacity to colonize the Aegean islands and defeat the pirates who "polluted" the seas, promoting peace and trade. However, he also had another aspect: he is presented as a wise legislator, gaining great fame and becoming after his death the judge of the dead.
3/Minos reigned from the Knossos, which he made the most famous city in the Aegean, and was the founder of the labyrinth. Of particular interest is the fact that his mother, Europa,was the daughter of the king of Tyre that she was kidnapped and taken to Crete by his father, Zeus.
1/ In 1903, during his excavations at Knossos, and specifically in a palatial area to the south of the Throne Room, Arthur Evans brought to light two elaborate Minoan figurines of a clearly ceremonial nature. He named the site of the figurines' discovery "Temple Repositories".
2/ Evans believed that he had discovered a Minoan palatial sanctuary with the two figurines, being made of faience, the larger of which represented a "Snake Goddess" and the smaller a priestess (he called her "Snake Priestess"), considering them to be votive objects.
3/ However, the discovered figurines were found to be largely incomplete. From the "Snake Goddess" lacked the body below the waist, one arm and part of the crown, while from the "Snake Priestess" lacked the head and the proper left arm was missing below the elbow. 👉
[PART TWO] CHG/IRF-related ancestry. From the plateaus of the Caucasus and NW Zagros to the Aegean Archipelago.
#Caucasus #Aegean #Dimini
1/ Around 6200 BC the first signs of Neolithicization appear in the Caucasus, marking a new era for local human presence. Thus, domesticated animals and plants appear and technological innovations, such as pottery, are introduced. All of these elements have a foreign character.
2/ The rich productive resources of the Caucasus attract the attention of early Neolithic populations of the Fertile Crescent, resulting in the settlement of new populations and ideas in the region that introduce it to a new world of intercultural contacts and genetic admixtures.
[PART ONE] Caucasus Hunter-Gether / Iran Neolithic Farmer lineage: When, where and through what processes did its formation take place.
1/ In 1976, a local Soviet archaeologist carried out excavations in the Satsurblia cave (western Georgia), bringing to light various layers of human habitation, the oldest of which date back to the Upper Palaeolithic (27 kya). The cave was a seasonal camp for mobile groups of 👉
👉 hunter-gatherers, who hunted a wide range of game, showing a preference for the wild boar and red deer. The surveys continued recently, where a fragment of temporal bone of a man who lived in the cave between 13,132 and 13,380 BP was recovered (Late Upper Palaeolithic).
1️⃣ The conclusions of a new archaeogenetic research confirm the theory of the descent of Proto-Indo-European speakers of an early form of the Greek language around 2250 BC (ΕΗ II / III). However, it is likely that their descent into the Helladic area took place a little earlier.
2️⃣ The earliest Helladic samples of steppe origin indicate this early descent (Theopetra - 2312 BC), in combination with the characteristics of the Proto-Greek language (centum). The Neolithic peoples are directly descended from the Yamnaya culture and passed into northern 👉
👉 Greece via the Balkan corridor. The Proto-Greek steppe origin differs from that of the Corded Ware Culture populations (3000-2300 BC) which were formed by the admixture of Yamnaya and Globular Amphora Culture populations and are widespread in central and western Europe.
1/ In 1903, the Italian archaeologist Roberto Paribeni discovered inside an elite chamber tomb (Tomb 4) in the area of the royal Villa of Hagia Triada, Crete, one of the most important artifacts of Aegean art: the Hagia Triada sarcophagus. It is dated to around 1400 BC. #Minoans
2/ The sarcophagus was made of limestone and there are holes in its bottom. Its construction cannot be considered as something extraordinary and its shape is very irregular. However, its importance lies in the fact that it is decorated on all four sides 👉
👉 with abstract patterns and figures, while on its two long sides it contains a series of narrative scenes that present elements of Minoan funerary ritual. The buon frescoes were applied on a layer of lime plaster and were probably the work of two artists.