Hermahai Profile picture
Sep 18, 2022 14 tweets 7 min read Read on X
1/ One of the differences between Linear A' and the newer Linear B' is the presence of texts of Linear A' outside the limits of the Aegean area and in fact in distant Israel, where two inscribed evidences of it have been found.
#LinearA #TelLachish #TelHaror #Minoans
2/ The first inscribed evidence of Linear A in Israel was found at Tel Lachish in 1987. It was found engraved on the shoulder of a large limestone vessel, probably a large, deep bowl or krater, of which only this one large fragment was found.
3/ The inscribed sherd of the vessel, although it was found in a stratigraphic level chronologically connected to the first half of the 12th century BC, probably due to stratigraphic disturbance it comes from an earlier chronological level. Unless it was an heirloom.
4/ Its short inscription is rendered as MI 𐄁 RI-DA-U 𐄁 SE-JE and it presents five syllables, one fraction and two word separators. For many researchers, this inscription is disputed as a Linear A text, mainly because it seems to have been made of local material.
5/ The second inscribed evidence comes from the site of Tel Haror in the Negev Desert and was found in the period 1986-92 at Area K within a context dated during the MM III period (late 17th - early 16th century BC). It is an inscription on a pithus sherd.
6/ The analysis of the manufacture material of the vessel identifies the site of Myrtos Pyrgos in SE Crete as its possible place of origin. The inscription is rendered as MU ≈ WA-TE ≈ NI and probably contains ideograms rather than syllabograms.
7/ The vessel was probably associated with some local cultic activity, although it is difficult for me to accept a Minoan religious involvement in such a distant place. ➡️
➡️ The inscription features the logogram for the figs, the logogram for the cloth + TE and the logogram for the bull's head.
8/ The three points / ideograms appear in a different order on a four-sided bar of hieroglyphs from the Fourni Archanes Necropolis, known as the Archanes Formula and for this reason some researchers question its connection with Linear A.
9/ The site of Tel Haror was a strongly fortified city of the late Middle Bronze Age at a distance of 20 km from Gaza, where inside there was a magnificent palatial building in the Syriac style. To the south of the city was the Area K.
10/ At this Area there was an important cult place with an offering altar, surrounding repositories, offering stands (as incense burners), miniature votive vessels, zoomorphic vessels, animal and human figurines.
11/ In the courtyard of the place of worship, equids were found buried in a pit, while in various points inside the place of worship abundant animal bones were found, indicating a religious activity intertwined with the ritual killing of mainly young animals.
12/ It is reasonable to ask the question: what is a Minoan inscribed vase at Tel Haror asking for? The answer is given by the existence of storage spaces within the cult place. The uniqueness of the pithus determines a commercial character in the vessel.
13/ Perhaps it was used as an exotic offering by a local noble to the local deity; perhaps it contained some product that the priests of the place of worship buy from a Minoan merchant to use for the needs of the temple.

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More from @hermahai

Apr 12
Who are responsible for the destruction of Knossos in 1370 BC?

SCENARIO TWO:

The Mycenaean Knossos acquired such great power that it eventually became a major threat to the Mycenaean rulers of the mainland, who eventually turned it into a pile of ruins.
#Mycenaeans #Minoans Image
1/ During the first half of the 15th century BC, Crete found itself in the throes of intense internal political and social instability, which resulted in the weakening of its strategic power to such an extent that it became easy prey for the Mycenaean warlords. Image
2/ The Mycenaeans, who had dramatically increased their power, took advantage of a multi-level opportunity: the Minoan fleet had suffered heavy damage from the Minoan Eruption to ships and naval bases, the Minoan cities were essentially unfortified, they were superior in 👉 Image
Read 23 tweets
Apr 10
Who are responsible for the destruction of Knossos in 1370 BC?

SCENARIO ONE:

A despotic Mycenaean palatial elite based in Knossos oppresses the local Minoan population, who eventually revolt.
#Mycenaeans #Minoans Image
1/ Around 1450 BC a Mycenaean ruling elite settled in Knossos, imposing its domination over most of Crete through force of arms and a robust palatial bureaucracy whose the main task was the detailed control over every activity. Image
2/ Particular importance was given to recording all productive activities in order to tax everything with strict accuracy, while at the same time a detailed record was made of the owners of land or herds and what obligations they had towards the elite of Knossos. Image
Read 21 tweets
Mar 8
1/ Around 1900 BC, the old Minoan palaces were founded in Crete and the foundation stone of the first European civilization was laid, which was based on a pioneering model of political and economic organization whose main axes were maritime dominance and economic penetration. Image
2/ The Minoans,having realized the strategic geographical position of their island in the middle of important maritime trade routes that connected the western lands with the Near East, transformed Crete into the main commercial hub of the Mediterranean, building a powerful fleet. Image
3/ The Minoan ships brought important innovations for the time in order to cross the open sea: They were made of cypress trunks, had a keel for stability and a narrow, aerodynamic shape to develop speed, had large square sails and multiple rows of oars, and were waterproofed 👉 Image
Read 12 tweets
Mar 3
1/ The Hittite texts demonstrate that the Hittite Empire was in a long-standing conflict with the Mycenaean Aegean, mainly due to the constant Achaean involvement in the affairs of the Hittite vassal kingdoms of Western Anatolia. Often the Hittite kings were forced to send 👉 Image
👉 expeditionary forces to the region to defend Hittite strategic interests, suppressing instigated rebellions or stopping the penetration of Achaean military forces (Attarsiya, Wiluša). However, it does not appear that the Hittites ever attacked the Mycenaean Aegean itself. Image
2/In answering the question of why they never did this, we must first focus on the high strategy of the Hittite Empire and what its main strategic goals were. The Hittites had as the central cradle of their Empire their capital Hattusa and the surrounding areas of the highlands👉 Image
Read 20 tweets
Dec 5, 2025
1/Sicily has been a major trade crossroads since the Neolithic era,through which sea routes passed, connecting the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean with the West and vice versa. The result of this event was the long-term habitation of the Sicilian land by a mosaic of peoples. Image
2/ Thus, when the Greek colonists arrived on the island after the mid-8th century BC, they found three population groups: the Sicilians in the E, the Sicanians in the C-W, and the Elymians in the NW. The origin of these peoples has been a subject of controversy since antiquity. Image
3/ The literary tradition has handed down to us several contradictory narratives, referring to mass migrations, often in the form of mythical tales. The best-known mythological tale is Minos' pursuit of the fugitive Daedalus in Sicily and the founding of Cretan cities there. Image
Read 16 tweets
Nov 25, 2025
1/ Athens has been associated since antiquity with the city's patron goddess, Athena. However, although most people believe that the city was named after the goddess, perhaps the opposite was actually the case. The two words have a common root that is likely of pre-Greek origin. Image
2/ But let's start from the beginning. Long before the city of Athens became the dominant center of the region, its name was Actaea and it belonged to a wider community, Att(h)is < Attica. The inhabitants of Attica at that time were not Greek-speaking (pre-Greek substrate). Image
3/ Several scholars argue that both the word Actaea and Attica, and the word Athéne (Ἀθήνη), derive from the word Atthis through corruption. Athéne is the common root from which the word Ἀθῆναι and the word Ἀθηνᾶ came. So both the city and the goddess have pre-Greek origins. Image
Read 8 tweets

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