Hermahai Profile picture
Sep 18, 2022 14 tweets 7 min read Read on X
1/ One of the differences between Linear A' and the newer Linear B' is the presence of texts of Linear A' outside the limits of the Aegean area and in fact in distant Israel, where two inscribed evidences of it have been found.
#LinearA #TelLachish #TelHaror #Minoans
2/ The first inscribed evidence of Linear A in Israel was found at Tel Lachish in 1987. It was found engraved on the shoulder of a large limestone vessel, probably a large, deep bowl or krater, of which only this one large fragment was found.
3/ The inscribed sherd of the vessel, although it was found in a stratigraphic level chronologically connected to the first half of the 12th century BC, probably due to stratigraphic disturbance it comes from an earlier chronological level. Unless it was an heirloom.
4/ Its short inscription is rendered as MI 𐄁 RI-DA-U 𐄁 SE-JE and it presents five syllables, one fraction and two word separators. For many researchers, this inscription is disputed as a Linear A text, mainly because it seems to have been made of local material.
5/ The second inscribed evidence comes from the site of Tel Haror in the Negev Desert and was found in the period 1986-92 at Area K within a context dated during the MM III period (late 17th - early 16th century BC). It is an inscription on a pithus sherd.
6/ The analysis of the manufacture material of the vessel identifies the site of Myrtos Pyrgos in SE Crete as its possible place of origin. The inscription is rendered as MU ≈ WA-TE ≈ NI and probably contains ideograms rather than syllabograms.
7/ The vessel was probably associated with some local cultic activity, although it is difficult for me to accept a Minoan religious involvement in such a distant place. ➡️
➡️ The inscription features the logogram for the figs, the logogram for the cloth + TE and the logogram for the bull's head.
8/ The three points / ideograms appear in a different order on a four-sided bar of hieroglyphs from the Fourni Archanes Necropolis, known as the Archanes Formula and for this reason some researchers question its connection with Linear A.
9/ The site of Tel Haror was a strongly fortified city of the late Middle Bronze Age at a distance of 20 km from Gaza, where inside there was a magnificent palatial building in the Syriac style. To the south of the city was the Area K.
10/ At this Area there was an important cult place with an offering altar, surrounding repositories, offering stands (as incense burners), miniature votive vessels, zoomorphic vessels, animal and human figurines.
11/ In the courtyard of the place of worship, equids were found buried in a pit, while in various points inside the place of worship abundant animal bones were found, indicating a religious activity intertwined with the ritual killing of mainly young animals.
12/ It is reasonable to ask the question: what is a Minoan inscribed vase at Tel Haror asking for? The answer is given by the existence of storage spaces within the cult place. The uniqueness of the pithus determines a commercial character in the vessel.
13/ Perhaps it was used as an exotic offering by a local noble to the local deity; perhaps it contained some product that the priests of the place of worship buy from a Minoan merchant to use for the needs of the temple.

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More from @hermahai

Sep 29
1/ Recent scientific analyzes of the structural and palaeographic features of Linear A' have led to an impressive conclusion: the texts of Linear A' do not reflect only one language or dialect, as is observed with Linear B' which reflects "koine" Mycenaean Greek. #LinearA Image
2/ The structural features of Linear A' texts demonstrate local variations, concealing the existence of dialectal or linguistic differentiations between Cretan regions, raising the question of whether the so-called Minoan language represented one or more languages or dialects. Image
3/ In other words, each region of Crete could have had developed its own repertoire of signs, taking into account its local linguistic characteristics. On the other hand, the study of the palaeographic evidence of the Linear A' texts demonstrates a regional differentiation 👉 Image
Read 5 tweets
Sep 23
1/ The Minoan libation formula is a field of intense debate among scholars of prehistoric Aegean scripts, having attracted attention from a very early date. As we have already mentioned, its connection with the proto-writing of Archanes is a point of doubt. Image
2/Wanting to outline the libation formula, we could say that it is a kind of text, which in its complete form has 8 words and always the word (J)A-SA-SA-RA-ME, while it is recorded only on objects, such as stone offering tables, cups,altars, ladles etc,but never on clay tablets. Image
3/ It is also found mainly in peak sanctuaries, such as Juktas, Petsofás, etc., as well as in other locations with a religious-ritual character. The full form of the formula is found in PK Za 11, a four-line text written on a square offering table made of ophite, 👉 Image
Read 11 tweets
Sep 21
1️⃣ The first examples of writing in the Aegean appear in Crete with the Archanes script at the end of the 3rd millennium BC. These are pictographs on a small number of seals, made of ivory or steatite, which were found in elite family tombs in the Cemetery at Fourni Archanes.
Image
Image
2️⃣ Although there are some objections as to whether the Archanes script is indeed a writing, the majority of scholars consider it to be a precursor phase of the later Cretan scripts. Several elements of evidence support the fact that the Cretan hieroglyphs gave rise 👉 Image
👉 from the Archanes script shortly after 2000 BC, since these also initially appear only on seals and sealings. The seals of Archanes show two groups of signs, which appear later in other sites in Crete, even in Samothrace. Image
Read 9 tweets
Sep 12
1/ According to the archaeological surveys, Troy appears to have been one of the most important regional centers of the Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age. It might well be compared in area, population, and wealth with the great trade port of Ugarit. #Troy Image
2/ Nevertheless, the big difference with Ugarit was that it had a crucial role in the political and diplomatic developments of the Near East as a close ally of the Hittites, while on the contrary Troy seems to have been an important city for the Hittites that merited 👉 Image
👉 the conducting of distant military operations to keep it in the Hittite sphere of influence, but it did not have the same special weight, being located in the northwestern reaches of the Empire, far from the core of developments. Image
Read 14 tweets
Aug 20
1️⃣ In the 1950s, a very interesting finding was discovered by chance in Dohnsen, Lower Saxony, which immediately aroused the interest of the scientific community. It was a bronze cup with exceptional artistic features both in its shape and decoration. Image
2️⃣ The bronze cup referred to Aegean patterns and the first ascertainments were that it is a artefact that was a product of long-distance transit trade between the Aegean and local communities within the context of the circulation of metal objects during the Late Bronze Age. Image
3️⃣ Although the archaeological context in which the bronze cup was found is uncertain, important Neolithic and Bronze Age settlement sites rich in archaeological remains and artefacts have been identified around and within close proximity of its find site, 👉 Image
Read 10 tweets
Aug 14
1/ According to the Hittite texts the Myc warlord Attarsiya carried out military operations in Anatolia and Cyprus around 1400 BC. We don't know if Attarsiya was the king of Mycenae, however he must have been an important member of the most powerful royal family of the Myc world.
Image
Image
2/ However, what was the visitor seeing when he was coming to Mycenae at the time of Attarsiya? He certainly was not seeing the majestic palatial Mycenae with the large building complexes and the huge walls, which were creations of newer periods. Image
3/At the time of Attarsiya,Mycenae was a settlement in constant expansion,being in the vestibule of implementation of the great palatial construction program,which began a few years later with more important elements the construction of the palatial complex and the fortification. Image
Read 15 tweets

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