The US bond market is in a very dark, bad place right now.
Outside of the worst of the pandemic, Bloomberg's measure of liquidity is at this worst level in 12+ years.
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BofA's Global Financial Stress Indicator is at readings only seen twice in the last 13 years ... the worst of the pandemic shutdowns in 2020 and the Great Recession in 2009.
3/6
The Move Index, a measure of implied volatility (the "VIX of the bond market"), closed today at one of the highest readings in its 30+ year history.
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Summing up, the global bond market has lost over one-fifth of its value this year.
Before 2022 such a move was thought to be impossible.
Note that this index is priced in dollars, and with 53% of this index is foreign-denominated bonds, the strong dollar is killing it.
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This is why the US aggregate (100% dollar-denominated bonds) is doing relatively better than the global aggregate.
Note the word RELATIVE, this index is still setting records with its losses, just not to the degree that the seen by the Global Aggregate.
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Remember, an illiquid, volatile, dysfunctional bond market can destroy risk markets like equities, and entire economies ... which you can argue is exactly what it has been doing in 2022.
This series of charts should be a big concern at the central bank. Is it?
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The immediate pushback is familiar: this “supply shock” will hurt real growth, so the Fed should cut rates.
This well-known economist has been making exactly that argument.
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That is only half the equation. A supply shock hurts growth, but it also raises inflation, so the real question is which side dominates.
In 2022, inflation rose more than real growth fell: the blue CPI line and arrow moved sharply higher while the green real-GDP bars and arrow moved modestly lower. The bottom panel shows the Fed’s answer: hikes, not cuts, as the federal funds rate moved from near zero in early 2022 to above 4% by year-end 2022.
Why? When inflation rises faster than growth falls, nominal growth (real GDP plus inflation) rises. If today’s oil shock does the same thing as 2022, the correct takeaway is not automatic cuts. It is possible that the Fed may have to stand pat or even consider hiking.
Ten seafarers have now been killed in 13 attacks on merchant vessels since the Iran conflict erupted on February 28 — more than the 7 U.S. servicemen killed in the war.
The focal point is shifting: can the Strait of Hormuz be reopened? Is the Administration pivoting to that mission?
Every day without a visible path to reopening, the market will price in more risk.
A 10% increase in energy prices that persists for a year would push global inflation up by 40 basis points and slow economic growth by 0.1-0.2%, International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said.
So, what price measures "persists for a year?"
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2/5
As the table below shows, crude oil futures prices for delivery into 2027 are trading in extreme backwardation.
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Below is the calendar spread between the first contract (now April) and the 6th contract (now September).
As the bottom panel shows, this spread is -25%, a record since the mid-1990s when the contract specifications were last changed.