Warning long thread that'll be part of future note:
It is rather important that H who are inclined toward a proper polytheistic philosophy study the yavana tradition closely. The first reason is simple: having a related phylum at some distance from our own provides a comparative
perspective that might clarify uncertain points because they might be augmented in it, or they help sharpen an ancestral signal that might not be otherwise discernable. The second reason is something H are more resistant to. Sometime in the late brāhmaṇa period the rise of the
Prājāpatya tradition meant a concomitant decline in the Aindra tradition that was more aligned with the ancestral form of the religion. This Prājāpatya “wobble” along with unanchored brahmavāda (i.e., philosophy of brahman that gets increasingly decoupled from the ancestral
pantheon) and a likewise unanchored sāṃkhyā resulted in philosophical developments (otherwise very parallel to the yavana ones) that increasingly lost touch with the foundational layer of the religion. Similarly, on the mīmāṃsā front, the development of the Śaunakīya tradition
was limited and formulaic after the Bṛhaddevatā and Nirukta. Instead, daivimīmāṃsā was overtaken by tendencies that had a more Kautsa structure even if not explicitly so – this again left mīmāṃsā quite deracinated despite its close observance of the actions of the foundational
religion. Here is where the yavana-s come in. The Platonists developed a philosophy much more aligned with our shared ancestral tradition than the more popular later darśanic developments in India. While the Śaiva tradition was able to rather effectively integrate its theology &
philosophy (e.g., the theory of the bhuvanādhvan-s parallel to the Platonists), it was sectarian and increasingly inclined towards a new scriptural corpus developed in the form of the tantra-s. However, the more we understand the great Proclus and others of the school, the more
we see how the Platonic developments were more effective in developing a “high philosophy” aligned with the old tradition.
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Someone asked what the earliest attestation of connection between garuDa and viShNu was; I think:
viShNave tvA shyenAya tvA somabhR^ite viShNave tvA | from yajurvedic texts.
There is another connection between the two seen in the paippalAda shruti which might be coeval too
In the maitrAyaNIya saMhitA the incantation of the two are juxtaposed. The first incantation describes the "ritual" form of garutmant:
suparNo .asi garutmAn trivR^itte shiro gAyatraM chakShur bR^ihadrathantare pakShau, stoma AtmA, ChandAMsy a~NgAni, yajUMShi nAma sAma te tanUr
Good map -- illustrates some historical processes. The 2 words pur & grama>gaon are already seen in the RV & mean fortified settlement or village. grama has an additional meaning of host/military encampment. The Slavic ortholog of grama means a mass. Which might explain its
emergence in Indo-Aryan -- a collection of household -> village. nagara is a late IA neologism seen in the taittirIya AraNyaka in the same sense as its current use. It might reflect growing urbanization is certain zones of the late IA settlement. The above map clearly shows that
nagara has two foci one in the west in Rajasthan & another in the east. We suspect that this recapitulates the reurbanization under the Indo-Aryan-s. This is consistent with nagara coming from a form like nR^igara -- a gathering of men which by the late Vedic period had acquired
A memory of the engulfment of Erikepaios and the regeneration of the universe from Zeus, is implied in this fragment of laud of the god in the Orphic tradition:
The importance of the heart in this tradition is paralleled by an incantation in the soma rite, where the essence of
the universe is said to be distilled into indra's heart via soma:
nAbhA pR^ithivyA dharuNo maho divo
.apAm Urmau sindhuShv antar ukShitaH |
indrasya vajro vR^iShabho vibhUvasuH
somo hR^ide pavate chAru matsaraH ||
The nave of the earth, the support of the vast heaven,
the wave of water, the one moistened in the rivers,
the vajra of indra, the showerer with much wealth
the auspiciously exhilarating soma distills into [indra's] heart.
The Orphic tradition preserves some interesting motifs that are not found in the mainstream Greek theogonies: 1. Zeus and Demeter mate as a pair of snakes. They engender the awful goddess Persephone (Kore) as a result. She is said to be two-headed and horned. Demeter is so
alarmed by her appearance that she flees from her without suckling her. However, Demeter later takes her back to her house and hands over the overladyship of the goddesses to Kore. Persephone consorts with Apollo to give birth to the nine glorious fiery-faced children known as
the Eumenides (a possible link to the Rudra-class deity generating a multiplicity of fiery offspring). In a parallel myth, Persephone and Zeus mating again in the form of snakes engender Dionysus. Zeus bears him in his thigh (another old motif) and finally hands him over to the
Some linguists have proposed that the Thracian branch of IE was specifically related to Baltic. We are generally sympathetic to that view – in the least we see it as being a sister group to Balto-Slavic to the exclusion of Indo-Iranian. Of course, there is little we can do about
testing this conjecture from a linguistic standpoint because Thracian is dead and gone. However, this opens another line of investigation. The Greek tradition records a key hymn composer, Orpheus, the son of Oeagrus, as being a Thracian. The Orphic hymn collection was an
important scriptural body for the yavana-s that continued to be studied and interpreted down to the last of their great thinkers, Damascius. While like the Hindu ṛṣi-s, Orpheus and Orphic material have acquired a great overburden of later accretion, there might be some uniquely
Abaris son of Seuthes is a likely non-Zoroastrian, Iranic ritualist operating among the yavana-s. We could see him as an Iranic "pAshupata"-like figure. He is said to have composed several works titled the 1. Scythian oracles; 2. The marriage of river Hebrus; 3.Purificatory rites
4.A prose theogony; 5. Apollo's coming to the Hyperboreans. He is said to have been a contemporary of Pythagoras & the yavana-s record him as the author of numerous incantations, especially for medical use. He is said to have established a temple to a godddess at Sparta that the
yavana-s identified with the awful Persephone. He is said to have held an arrow or flown around on the arrow of Apollo. This ain't a yavana motif. Instead, it brings to mind the tishtrya yasht wherein the eponymous rudra-class deity is said to fly around like an arrow shot by the