The fear of the #Marathas grips Aurangzeb and he falls down and hurts his leg in the lavatory and remains lame for rest of his life continuing the legacy of his ancestor Taimurlang
This idea of a greater and lesser jihad was a later development which originated from the 11th century book, The History of Baghdad, by the Islamic scholar al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
All four schools of Sunni jurisprudence (Fiqh) as well as the Shi'ite tradition, all formulated in the 2nd and 3rd centuries after Muhammad's death, make no reference at all to the "greater" jihad, only the lesser.
Ever since last year some countries have imposed sanctions on China. I think, first, they have no right to do so; second, experience has proved that China has the ability to withstand these sanctions....
Our economic development has been affected to some extent, but not very seriously. In fact, the sanctions are gradually abating.
One special feature of China’s development is that it has proceeded under international sanctions for most of the forty years since the founding of the People’s Republic.
सैद हिसामुद्दीन नाम कुफ्फार के साथ जिहाद व क़त्ताल की वज़ह से 'क़त्ताल' आपका लक़ब है
*मराठी*
सैद हिसामुद्दीन - काफिरांशी ( गैर इस्लामी लोक ) केलेल्या जिहाद ( धर्मयुद्ध ) आणि तुम्ही (हिसामुद्दीन कत्ताल) केलेल्या त्यांच्या कत्तलीमुळे तुम्हाला ''क़त्ताल' ही पदवी प्राप्त झाली आहे.
During Malik Kafur's Malabar campaign a body of Mussalmans had allied themselves with a Hindu Raja and had violated the law of the Quran, 'Do not make the infidels your friends against the Mussalmans' (Quran 4:144)
Seeing that the Hindu raja was being defeated, they changed sides and surrendered to Malik Kafur. Kafur had placed a V shaped yoke over their necks as a punishment. He asked them to recite the Kalima to testify their claim of being Mussalmans and later forgave them.
The persian farman is published in The Journal and proceedings of the asiatic society of bengal, new series , vol 7 year 1911 on pages 687-90. You can read the original persian (if someone needs to) and also the english translation here biodiversitylibrary.org/ia/mobot317530…
The farman is dated 16 Jamadi us Sani, 1069 Hijri which comes to 28 February 1659 C.E.
“Shivaji out of thoughtlessness and evil propensities has started troubling the followers of Islam residing in the Province of the Nizamshahi Konkan. He has also plundered them. He has captured many forts in the royal territories...
Therefore, we have appointed Afzal Khan Muhammadshahi as the subadar of that province and have sent him with a formidable army.