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Anna Borek 🐌 Profile picture
@ScepticalAnna
Oct 14, 2022 • 3 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
What happens when #mushrooms 🍄 are substituted for lean ground #beef 🥩 in a single meal for 4⃣ consecutive days❓

⬇️ daily energy intake 💫

⦾ Meals were rated comparable in terms of palatability, appetite, satiation & satiety 👍

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18221822/ Image
The same researchers conducted a year long trial... & found that 🍄🍄 (rather than red meat) resulted in ⬇️ total energy intake.

💬 1 problem with this study (it seems to me) is that it's not clear what kind of red meat (?🍔🍟) the participants were eating.

Interesting tho..
...

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

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More from @ScepticalAnna

Anna Borek 🐌 Profile picture
Feb 16
Summary of the research of ultra-processed foods:

1⃣ +++ Observational studies link ⬆️total UPF to bad health outcomes.

2⃣ But sub-analysis by UPF type indicates that only a few UPFs are driving these associations (mainly fizzy pop🥤 & ultra-processed animal products🥓).
3⃣ The aforementioned observational studies usually control for diet quality & energy intake... this is NOT about whether junk food is bad for health (we pretty much know it is).

The key question is whether ultra-processing is intrinsically harmful.
4⃣ Kevin Hall et al's metabolic ward trial confirms that minimally processed foods are less obesogenic than HFSS (junk food).

But does not tell us much (nothing in my view) about whether UPF is intrinsically harmful.
Read 5 tweets
Anna Borek 🐌 Profile picture
Feb 9
The “heritability” of bodyweight is thought to be between 40-50%. For those with severe obesity, this figure rises to 80%.

What does this mean❓

In this 🧵, I’ll try to shed some light🔦 on this Q.👇
"Does it mean that the obesity crisis was primarily caused by genetics?"

💬 No.

The recent surge in obesity was/is primarily caused by environmental changes (imo) ....

... & this is entirely compatible with high heritability values for bodyweight.
Many quite understandably think that heritability statistics tell us how much a given trait is “genetically determined”.

💬 But this is not so.
Read 16 tweets
Anna Borek 🐌 Profile picture
Feb 8
In this study from 1994, 7 pairs of identical twins 🧍‍♂️🧍‍♂️were monitored for 24/7 for 4 months in a metabolic ward (wow 🤯).

They were placed on a maintenance diet & an energy deficit (1000kcal/d) was induced via exercise training (🚴‍♀️🚴) for about 90 days.

So what happened❓ Image
They lost weight (naturally).

Mean weight loss was 5kg. Which is 78% of the estimate energy deficit.

Nearly all the weight loss was from fat 🤩 Image


Looks like that experienced a similar amount of "compensation" as found in this study.
Read 10 tweets
Anna Borek 🐌 Profile picture
Nov 15, 2023
A meal containing animal flesh was found to be more anabolic compared to a protein-equated whole-food plant-based dish in older adults:

⬆️ EAA
⬆️ Peak EAA
⬆️ Leucine
⬆️ Peak leucine

⬆️ Muscle protein synthesis
⬆️ Whole body protein synthesis

Some thoughts 👇🧵 Image
This result is what many of us would have predicted... as whole plant foods contain more anti-nutritional factors as well as fibre (which may impair absorption/speed of amino acids).

But it's good to see this confirmed in a controlled study.
This study was on older adults & due to anabolic resistance this population may require more total protein & may be less able to extract protein from whole plant foods.

It would be good to see this study repeated on younger adults from my POV.
Read 9 tweets
Anna Borek 🐌 Profile picture
Nov 13, 2023
In this thread I will gather studies on vegan/vegetarian meats & hard clinical outcomes 🧵 👇

💬 Please feel free to link me to studies I may have missed
In this prospective cohort (AHS-2) "meat analogues of at least one serving daily reduced the risk of hip fracture by up to 49 %".

Interesting to note that legumes intake and meat intake independently reduced the risk of hip fracture by 40–64 %.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…


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AHS-1.

"Vegetarian protein products" were strongly inversely associated with fatal pancreas cancer.

Note: beans, lentils, and peas as well as dried fruit was also associated with highly significant protective relationships to pancreas cancer risk.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3365678/


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Read 7 tweets
Anna Borek 🐌 Profile picture
Oct 21, 2023
👁️📜 "Red meat consumption & risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review & meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"

💬Yes, it was funded by "Beef Checkoff".

But in this 🧵, I want to focus on analysing the details of the SR&MA itself (+ included studies).

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You can find the study here.

I am going to be reading all of the studies... so it's going to take a while.

Feel free to help by replying with learned opinions & observations 🖖ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…


The intervention group was given mycoprotein (Quorn products).

Problems:

1) Only 1 week long.
2) The "meat" group were given chicken, tuna & salmon... as well as "red meat" (ham, beef).

Including such studies is somewhat misleading imo. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32660657/

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Read 21 tweets

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